Nokea
Which of the following malignant tumors is least likely to occur in adults in comparison with children?
- A. acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
- B. osteosarcoma
- C. medulloblastoma
- D. retinoblastoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Retinoblastoma predominantly occurs in children under 5 years of age, making it the least likely to occur in adults.
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A patient is admitted with a 2-month history of fatigue, SOB, pallor, and dizziness. The patient is diagnosed with idiopathic autoimmune haemolytic anemia. On reviewing the laboratory results, the nurse notes which of the following that confirms this diagnosis?
- A. RBC fragments
- B. Microcytic, hypochromic RBCs
- C. Macrocytic, normochromic RBCs
- D. Hemoglobin molecules
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In patients with idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia, the immune system mistakenly targets and destroys its own red blood cells (RBCs). When the red blood cells are destroyed, they can break apart, leading to the presence of fragmented RBCs, also known as schistocytes or red cell fragments, in the peripheral blood. The presence of RBC fragments is a characteristic finding in this type of hemolytic anemia and helps confirm the diagnosis.
Maintaining the infusion rate of hyperalimentation solutions is a nursing responsibility. What side effects would you anticipate from too rapid infusion rate?
- A. Cellular dehydration and potassium
- B. Hypoglycemia and hypovolemia
- C. Potassium excess and CHF
- D. Circulatory overload and hypoglycemia SITUATION: In the recall of the fluids and electrolytes, the nurse should be able to understand the calculations and other conditions related to loss or retention.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Too rapid infusion of hyperalimentation solutions can lead to circulatory overload due to the rapid volume expansion, which can strain the heart and lead to fluid overload. This can manifest as symptoms such as shortness of breath, crackles in the lungs, and edema. Additionally, a rapid infusion rate can cause a sudden surge in glucose levels, potentially leading to hypoglycemia due to increased insulin release in response to the elevated glucose levels. It is important for the nurse to maintain a careful and appropriate infusion rate to prevent these complications and ensure patient safety.
What are the signs of organ rejection a nurse should closely monitor for when caring for a client after heart transplantation? Choose all that apply
- A. Low white blood cell count
- B. Dyspnea
- C. ECG changes
- D. Fever
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When caring for a client after heart transplantation, the signs of organ rejection that a nurse should closely monitor for include low white blood cell count and dyspnea.
In embryonic period, all are true EXCEPT
- A. formation of ectoderm by 8 days
- B. formation of mesoderm by 10 weeks
- C. formation of endoderm by 3 cm crown-rump length
- D. formation of human embryo is about 6 weeks
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The formation of the human embryo is completed by 8 weeks, not 6 weeks.
A very popular means of early detection of breast cancer is:
- A. X-ray
- B. Both A and B
- C. Surgical
- D. Breast self examination
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Breast self-examination (BSE) is a very popular means of early detection of breast cancer as it involves women being aware of how their breasts look and feel to detect any changes such as lumps, swelling, or other abnormalities. By performing regular self-examinations, women can identify any potential issues early on and seek medical advice promptly. While mammograms (X-ray) and clinical breast exams by healthcare providers are also important screening methods for detecting breast cancer, BSE is particularly valuable as women can perform it on a regular basis at home, thus increasing the chances of identifying any concerning changes promptly. It is recommended that women perform BSE monthly to become familiar with their breast tissue and notice any changes over time.