Nokea
Which of the following medications is a potassium-sparing diuretic?
- A. Bumetanide
- B. Hydrochlorothiazide
- C. Spironolactone
- D. Torsemide
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, blocking aldosterone, unlike the others which promote potassium loss.
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The nurse is assessing a client with diabetes who reports several hypoglycemic episodes during the past 3 weeks. What assessment question best addresses a potential causative factor?
- A. Do you ever take St. John's wort?'
- B. Have you used any recreational drugs in the past few weeks?'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: St. John's wort can affect glucose metabolism and drug interactions, potentially causing hypoglycemia in diabetics.
Anticholinesterase inhibitors are used to treat:
- A. Peptic ulcer disease
- B. Myasthenia gravis
- C. Both 1 and 2
- D. Neither 1 nor 2
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Anticholinesterases (e.g., pyridostigmine) treat myasthenia gravis by increasing acetylcholine.
The processes involved in dynamic equilibrium are key elements in the nurse's ability to determine what?
- A. Dosage scheduling
- B. Amount of solution for mixing parenteral drugs
- C. Timing of other drugs the patient is taking
- D. How long the patient has to take the drug
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: These processes are key elements in determining the amount of drug (dose) and the frequency of dose repetition (scheduling) required to achieve the critical concentration for the desired length of time. The processes in dynamic equilibrium are not key elements in determining the amount of diluents for intramuscular (IM) drugs; they do not aid in the timing of the other drugs the patient is taking or how long the patient has to take the drug.
Scott's seizures are well controlled on topiramate and he wants to start playing baseball. Education for Scott regarding his topiramate includes:
- A. He should not play sports due to the risk of increased seizures
- B. He should monitor his temperature and ability to sweat in the heat while playing
- C. Reminding him that he may need higher dosages of topiramate when exercising
- D. Encouraging him to use sunscreen due to photosensitivity from topiramate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Topiramate can impair sweating, increasing heat-related risks during sports.
What is the correct statement concerning noncompetitive antagonism:
- A. The potency of the drug does not change
- B. the number of receptors able to bind the agonist is affected
- C. by increasing the conc. of the agonist, we cannot overcome the problem
- D. non of the above is wrong
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All statements are correct: noncompetitive antagonism reduces efficacy (not potency), affects receptor availability, and cannot be overcome by increasing agonist concentration.