Nokea
Which of the following statements about aminoglycosides is false?
- A. They have short half-lives
- B. They are bactericidal
- C. They exacerbate weakness in myasthenia gravis patients
- D. None of the Above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All statements are true: aminoglycosides have short half-lives (2-3 hours), are bactericidal, and can worsen myasthenia gravis by neuromuscular blockade.
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The trial period to determine effective anti-inflammatory activity when starting a patient on aspirin for rheumatoid arthritis is:
- A. 48 hours
- B. 4 to 6 days
- C. 4 weeks
- D. 2 months
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aspirin's anti-inflammatory effect for RA takes 4-6 days; 48 hours is too short.
A pharmacology student asks the instructor what an accurate description of a drug agonist is. What is the instructors best response?
- A. A drug that reacts with a receptor site on a cell preventing a reaction with another chemical on a different receptor site
- B. A drug that interferes with the enzyme systems that act as catalyst for different chemical reactions
- C. A drug that interacts directly with receptor sites to cause the same activity that a natural chemical would cause at that site
- D. A drug that reacts with receptor sites to block normal stimulation, producing no effect
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Agonists are drugs that produce effects similar to those produced by naturally occurring neurotransmitters, hormones, or other substances found in the body. Noncompetitive antagonists are drugs that react with some receptor sites preventing the reaction of another chemical with a different receptor site. Drug-enzyme interactions interfere with the enzyme systems that stimulate various chemical reactions.
The nurse is teaching a patient who will be discharged home with naltrexone (ReVia) after treatment for opioid addiction. What information will the nurse include in the teaching for this patient?
- A. This drug will help control cravings
- B. You may take this drug once weekly
- C. ReVia blocks the pleasurable effects of opioids
- D. If you discontinue this drug abruptly, you will have withdrawal symptoms
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Naltrexone blocks opioid euphoria; it doesn't reduce cravings or cause withdrawal on stop . ReVia acts by blocking the pleasurable effects of opioids.
Glucocorticoids causes:
- A. Protein catabolism and muscle atrophy
- B. Protein anabolism and increase of muscle mass
- C. Stimulation of growth in children
- D. Decrease of \mathrm{Na}+ reabsorbtion and \mathrm{K}+\mathrm{K}+ excretion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucocorticoids cause protein catabolism and muscle atrophy by breaking down proteins.
A patient has come to the clinic and been diagnosed with Lyme disease. The physician has ordered oral tetracycline. What is important for the nurse to include in the teaching plan about tetracycline? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Do not take the drug with anything high in sodium content to keep from producing a state of hypernatremia in the body.
- B. Do not take the drug with foods or other drugs that contain calcium.
- C. Avoid eating bananas at the same time you take this drug as the potassium content of the tetracycline can produce hyperkalemia in the body.
- D. Avoid exposure to the sun when taking this drug as it can turn your skin purple.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The antibiotic tetracycline is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract if calcium or calcium products (e.g., milk) are present in the stomach. It cannot be taken with iron products because a chemical reaction occurs preventing absorption. Although tetracycline can increase sun sensitivity, it does not turn the skin purple. Patients who take tetracycline do not need to avoid eating bananas or foods that are high in potassium.