Basic Immune System Quizlet

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Which of the following statements concerned with the microbiota is NOT true?

  • A. It colonizes our body at birth
  • B. Its composition in adults is influenced by several factors, including diet and exercise
  • C. Obesity is associated with alterations in the composition of gut microbiota. This condition has been shown to be transmissible in mice when microbiota from obese mice is transferred to lean mice
  • D. Bacteria found in obese mice are less efficient at extracting energy from food and this in turn impacts on the sense of satiety of the animal.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it is the only statement that is not entirely true regarding the microbiota. The rationale for this is that bacteria found in obese mice are actually more efficient at extracting energy from food, not less efficient as mentioned in option D. This increased efficiency contributes to the higher energy extraction from food, leading to weight gain in obese individuals. The other options (A, B, C) are correct as they align with current research and understanding of the microbiota. Option A is true as the microbiota begins to colonize our body at birth. Option B is also true as the composition of the microbiota in adults can indeed be influenced by various factors such as diet and exercise. Option C is true as obesity has been linked to alterations in gut microbiota composition, and studies have shown that transferring microbiota from obese to lean mice can induce weight gain in the lean mice.

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Which of the following is a characteristic of the constant region of a T cell receptor?

  • A. Mediates antigen binding
  • B. Anchors the receptor in the T cell membrane
  • C. Interacts with MHC molecules
  • D. Structurally diverse amongst all T cell receptors
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Anchors the receptor in the T cell membrane. The constant region of a T cell receptor is responsible for anchoring the receptor in the T cell membrane, providing stability and structural support. This region does not mediate antigen binding (choice A), as that function is carried out by the variable region. It also does not directly interact with MHC molecules (choice C), which is primarily the role of the variable region. Lastly, the constant region is not structurally diverse amongst T cell receptors (choice D), as it remains relatively consistent within a specific T cell subtype.

What is the main role of neutrophils in the immune response?

  • A. Producing antibodies
  • B. Engulfing and destroying pathogens
  • C. Activating lymphocytes
  • D. Synthesizing cytokines
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Neutrophils play a crucial role in the immune response by engulfing and destroying pathogens through a process called phagocytosis. This is essential for eliminating harmful invaders from the body. Neutrophils do not produce antibodies (choice A), activate lymphocytes (choice C), or synthesize cytokines (choice D), which are functions typically carried out by other immune cells like B cells and macrophages. Therefore, the correct answer is B as it directly aligns with the primary function of neutrophils in the immune response, which is to combat infections by destroying pathogens.

Innate behaviors are

  • A. under strong genetic control
  • B. performed in virtually the indifferent way by all individuals of a species
  • C. Sociobiology
  • D. the environment
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because innate behaviors are indeed under strong genetic control. These behaviors are instinctual and are genetically programmed in organisms. This genetic control ensures that all individuals of a species exhibit these behaviors consistently. Choice B is incorrect because while innate behaviors may be performed similarly by individuals of a species, there can still be variations. Choice C, Sociobiology, is incorrect as it is a branch of biology that studies social behavior in animals. Choice D, the environment, is incorrect as innate behaviors are not primarily influenced by the environment but rather by genetic factors.

Which of the following is the best dietary advice to maximize the immune function in healthy people?

  • A. To include immune-enhancing formulas.
  • B. To avoid polyunsaturated fatty acids.
  • C. To increase intake of essential fatty acids and omega-3 fatty acids.
  • D. To follow a balanced and varied diet.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A balanced and varied diet ensures the intake of all necessary nutrients that support optimal immune function.

T-cell receptors or antibodies react with antigens

  • A. because both are made by lymphocytes
  • B. because of complementary of molecular fit of both with antigen
  • C. because both have light chain and heavy chain polypeptides
  • D. cause histamine release
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because T-cell receptors and antibodies recognize antigens through complementary molecular fit. This interaction is based on the specific shape of the antigen-binding site on the receptor or antibody matching the shape of the antigen. This molecular complementarity allows for strong and specific binding between the antigen and the receptor/antibody. Choices A and C are incorrect as the presence of lymphocytes or specific polypeptide chains alone does not explain the mechanism of antigen recognition. Choice D is incorrect because histamine release is not directly related to the interaction between T-cell receptors or antibodies with antigens.

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