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Which of the following statements explain why models of health promotion and illness prevention are useful when planning healthcare? Select all that apply.
- A. They help healthcare providers understand health-related behaviors.
- B. They are useful for adapting care to people from diverse backgrounds.
- C. They help overcome barriers related to increased number of people without healthcare.
- D. They overcome barriers to care for the predicted downward trend in minority populations.
- E. They overcome barriers to care for low-income and rural populations.
- F. They explain why people take advantage of low-cost screens and healthcare information.
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: Health promotion models aid in understanding behaviors, adapting care, and addressing barriers for underserved populations, but not specifically minority trends.
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A middle-aged woman is 40 pounds over her ideal weight. Which of the following statements best illustrates the effect of her self-concept on health and illness?
- A. I am just too busy with my kids to bother about a diet.
- B. Why should I lose weight? Ill still be fat.
- C. My sister is thin, but I dont think she looks that good.
- D. My husband loves me this way.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Self-concept affects health behaviors; a negative self-concept, like believing weight loss won't change her perceived fatness, can hinder health efforts.
A nurse refers a 67-year-old male patient to group counseling for alcohol cessation. According to Rosenstocks health belief model, the patients knowledge of the diseases that may occur with alcoholism is a:
- A. demographic variable
- B. sociopsychological variable
- C. structural variable
- D. intellectual variable
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Knowledge of disease risks in Rosenstock's model is a structural variable, as it relates to the information influencing health decisions.
Which of the following most accurately defines illness?
- A. the inability to carry out normal activities of living
- B. a pathologic change in mind or body structure or function
- C. the response of a person to a disease
- D. achieving maximum potential and quality of life
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Illness is defined as the individual's personal response to a disease, which may include symptoms and changes in behavior or function.
What phrase best describes health?
- A. individually defined by each person
- B. experienced by each person in exactly the same way
- C. the opposite of illness
- D. the absence of disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Health is subjective and varies from person to person based on their perceptions and experiences, making it individually defined.
Which of the following nursing interventions are examples of health promotion and preventive care on the primary level? Select all that apply.
- A. A nurse counsels a teenager to stop smoking.
- B. A nurse conducts a health fair for high blood pressure screening.
- C. A nurse counsels the family of a patient diagnosed with lung cancer.
- D. A home healthcare nurse arranges for rehabilitation services for a patient.
- E. A school nurse arranges for a career seminar for graduating seniors.
- F. A nurse devises a low-calorie diet for an obese teenager.
Correct Answer: A,F
Rationale: Primary prevention focuses on preventing disease before it occurs, such as counseling to stop smoking or promoting a healthy diet to prevent obesity.