Nokea
Which of the following statements is true related to nonmodifiable risk factors for chronic illness?
- A. Cannot be changed
- B. Requires intervention in order to change
- C. Can be altered to benefit health outcomes
- D. Can be changed with client perseverance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nonmodifiable risk factors age, genes stay put, no tweak possible, a chronic base nurses work around. Intervention, alteration, or grit shift smoking or weight, not these locks. Knowing what's fixed guides focus elsewhere, a bedrock truth in illness planning.
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Which is not an AIDS defining illness?
- A. oesophageal candidiasis
- B. Herpes Zoster
- C. CD4 count <200 cells/microL
- D. Pulmonary TB
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Herpes zoster's no AIDS marker just shingles, common even sans HIV collapse. Oesophageal thrush, PCP, TB scream opportunists; CD4's a lab line, not illness. Nurses flag true definers chronic crash signs not this skin flare anyone catches.
Non modifiable risk factors for developing chronic illness includes
- A. Tobacco smoking
- B. Political factors
- C. Family history
- D. High blood pressure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic illness risk splits family history's locked in, genes dictating diabetes or heart disease odds, unchangeable. Smoking's a choice, modifiable; politics shape systems, not biology; high BP's treatable, not fixed. Nurses flag this genetic thread, focusing prevention elsewhere, a chronic cornerstone where heritage trumps habits or policy.
The nurse is preparing an adolescent diagnosed with leukemia for a lumbar puncture. The nurse determines that the child understands the reason for the procedure when the child states that the procedure is done to:
- A. Make sure I don't have meningitis along with my cancer.
- B. Relieve some of the pressure on my brain.
- C. Remove the blood cancer cells so I don't have to have surgery.
- D. Check to see if the cancer has spread through my spinal cord and brain.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A lumbar puncture (LP) in leukemia is performed to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to check for central nervous system (CNS) involvement cancer cells spreading to the spinal cord and brain a critical staging step that influences treatment, like intrathecal chemotherapy. The adolescent's statement about checking for spread reflects accurate understanding, essential for informed consent and reducing anxiety through clarity. Ruling out meningitis is a possible LP use, but in leukemia, CNS metastasis is the primary concern unless symptoms suggest infection. Relieving brain pressure applies to conditions like hydrocephalus, not leukemia's typical presentation. Removing cancer cells via LP isn't a treatment; it's diagnostic. The nurse's confirmation of this understanding ensures the child is prepared, aligning with pediatric oncology's emphasis on patient education and procedural readiness.
During the teaching session for a patient who has a new diagnosis of acute leukemia, the patient is restless and looks away without making eye contact. The patient asks the nurse to repeat the information about the complications associated with chemotherapy. Based on this assessment, which nursing diagnosis is appropriate for the patient?
- A. Risk for ineffective adherence to treatment related to denial of need for chemotherapy
- B. Acute confusion related to infiltration of leukemia cells into the central nervous system
- C. Deficient knowledge: chemotherapy related to a lack of interest in learning about treatment
- D. Risk for ineffective health maintenance related to possible anxiety about leukemia diagnosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: New leukemia diagnosis plus restlessness and repeat requests scream anxiety risk for ineffective health maintenance' fits, as it ties to coping, not denial , brain infiltration , or disinterest . Nurses in oncology spot this fear fogs learning, needing slower, calmer teaching to stick.
A nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and a prescription for digoxin 125 mcg PO daily. Available is digoxin PO 0.25 mg/tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer per dose?
- A. 0.25
- B. 0.5
- C. 1
- D. 1.5
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Digoxin math: 125 mcg ordered, 0.25 mg (250 mcg) per tablet 125 ÷ 250 = 0.5 tablets, a precise dose nurses calc to boost heart failure's pump, avoiding toxicity's narrow edge. Wrong cuts (0.25, 1, 1.5) miss the mark. Accuracy here rules, a daily win in this med game.