Nokea
Which of the following statements regarding caloric restriction (CR) is TRUE?
- A. CR stimulates the insulin signalling pathway, leading to activation of longevity genes
- B. resveratrol can mimic the effects of caloric restriction in worms, yeast and flies
- C. CR has been demonstrated to increase life span in humans
- D. all of the above are true
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Resveratrol can mimic the effects of caloric restriction in worms, yeast, and flies. This is true because resveratrol, a compound found in red wine, has been shown to activate certain proteins and enzymes that are also activated during caloric restriction, leading to improved health and longevity in these organisms.
A is incorrect because caloric restriction typically leads to decreased insulin signaling, not stimulation. C is incorrect because while CR has been shown to increase lifespan in various animal models, there is limited evidence to support its effects on human lifespan. D is incorrect because not all statements are true - only B is supported by scientific evidence.
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A nurse is planning care for a client who has diverticulitis. Which of the following menu selections should the nurse include in the plan?
- A. Turkey sandwich with celery sticks
- B. Sliced ham with green salad
- C. Pork tenderloin with green peas
- D. Grilled chicken breast with white rice
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because grilled chicken breast with white rice is a low-fiber, easily digestible option suitable for a client with diverticulitis. High-fiber foods like celery (choice A), green salad (choice B), and green peas (choice C) can worsen symptoms by irritating the inflamed diverticula. Pork tenderloin (choice C) is high in fat, which can be difficult to digest. Grilled chicken breast with white rice provides protein and carbohydrates without aggravating the condition.
A 20-yr-old woman is being admitted with electrolyte disorders of unknown etiology. Which assessment finding is most important to report to the health care provider?
- A. The patient uses laxatives daily.
- B. The patient's knuckles are macerate
- D. The patient's serum potassium level is 2.9 mEq/L.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. A serum potassium level of 2.9 mEq/L indicates hypokalemia, which can be life-threatening. Hypokalemia can lead to cardiac arrhythmias and muscle weakness. It is crucial to report this finding promptly to the healthcare provider for immediate intervention. Choice A is relevant but not as urgent as hypokalemia. Choice B is unrelated to electrolyte disorders. Choice C is incomplete and does not provide any relevant information.
A patient with ulcerative colitis undergoes the first phase of a total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch and anal anastomosis. On postoperative assessment of the patient, what should the nurse expect to find?
- A. A rectal tube set to low continuous suction
- B. A loop ileostomy with a plastic rod to hold it in place
- C. A colostomy stoma with an NG tube in place to provide pouch irrigations
- D. A permanent ileostomy stoma in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the first phase of a total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch and anal anastomosis, a loop ileostomy is created to divert stool while the pouch heals.
The major part of the aqueous component (other than water) of pancreatic juice is
- A. mucus.
- B. trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, and procarboxypeptidase.
- C. bicarbonate ions.
- D. secretin.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: bicarbonate ions. Pancreatic juice is alkaline to neutralize the acidic chyme entering the small intestine from the stomach. Bicarbonate ions are secreted by pancreatic duct cells and play a major role in maintaining the pH balance. Mucus (choice A) is produced by goblet cells and helps protect the lining of the digestive tract but is not a major component of pancreatic juice. Trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, and procarboxypeptidase (choice B) are pancreatic enzymes, not the major component of the aqueous component. Secretin (choice D) is a hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate ions but is not a component of pancreatic juice itself.
The nurse is talking with a patient who has been experiencing nausea and vomiting. The patient indicates an interest in using alternative therapies for the condition. Which product may aid in nausea management?
- A. Ginger
- B. Ginseng
- C. Chamomile
- D. Soy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Ginger has been shown to help alleviate nausea and vomiting due to its anti-inflammatory properties.
2. Ginger can help relax the stomach muscles and aid in digestion, reducing symptoms of nausea.
3. Studies have supported the use of ginger for managing nausea in various conditions.
4. Overall, ginger is a safe and effective option for nausea management.
Summary of incorrect choices:
- Ginseng: Ginseng is not commonly used for nausea relief and lacks sufficient evidence to support its effectiveness.
- Chamomile: While chamomile is known for its calming effects, it is not specifically indicated for nausea management.
- Soy: Soy is not typically used to alleviate nausea and vomiting symptoms.