Questions for Respiratory System

Questions for Respiratory System Related

Review Questions for Respiratory System related questions and content

Which of the following structures protects the lower respiratory system from food and fluid bolus during swallowing?

  • A. larynx.
  • B. epiglottis.
  • C. vestibule.
  • D. pharynx.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: epiglottis. The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that covers the opening of the trachea during swallowing, preventing food and fluid from entering the lower respiratory system. This mechanism ensures that the airway remains clear and protects the lungs from aspiration. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: The larynx is involved in sound production and air passage but does not specifically protect the lower respiratory system during swallowing.
C: The vestibule is the space within the nasal cavity but does not play a direct role in protecting the lower respiratory system during swallowing.
D: The pharynx is a passageway for both food and air but does not specifically prevent food and fluid bolus from entering the lower respiratory system during swallowing.

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Dead air is not involved in respiration because

  • A. It is very low quantity
  • B. It is trapped in nasal passage
  • C. It contains less Oxygen
  • D. It is present deep in the lungs
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because dead air is the air present in the alveoli that does not participate in gas exchange. It is located deep in the lungs, beyond the respiratory bronchioles where gas exchange occurs. Dead air does not reach the alveoli to participate in respiration. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the quantity of dead air or its oxygen content are not the primary reasons why it is not involved in respiration.

Most oxygen in the blood is transported

  • A. as gas dissolved in plasma
  • B. as oxyhemoglobin
  • C. as carboxyhemoglobin
  • D. as bicarbonate
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: as oxyhemoglobin. Oxygen is primarily carried in the blood by binding to hemoglobin in red blood cells to form oxyhemoglobin. This allows for efficient transport of oxygen to tissues. Choice A is incorrect because only a small amount of oxygen is dissolved in plasma. Choice C is incorrect as carboxyhemoglobin refers to carbon monoxide binding to hemoglobin, not oxygen. Choice D is incorrect as the majority of carbon dioxide is transported as bicarbonate, not oxygen.

Oxygen moves from alveoli to the bloodstream

  • A. because the concentration of oxygen is greater in alveoli than in the blood.
  • B. mainly due to the activity of carbonic anhydrase in the red blood cells.
  • C. by using the assistance of carbaminohemoglobin
  • D. through active transport.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because oxygen moves from alveoli to the bloodstream by simple diffusion. This is due to the concentration gradient of oxygen being higher in the alveoli (where oxygen is inhaled) compared to the blood vessels surrounding the alveoli. Oxygen molecules move from an area of high concentration (alveoli) to an area of low concentration (bloodstream) to reach equilibrium. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the movement of oxygen in this context is primarily driven by passive diffusion, not by the activity of carbonic anhydrase, carbaminohemoglobin, or active transport.

Volume of air left after maximum forceful expiration in human lung is

  • A. Total lung capacity
  • B. Residual volume
  • C. Vital capacity
  • D. Tidal volume
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Residual volume. After maximum forceful expiration, residual volume is the volume of air left in the lungs to prevent lung collapse. Total lung capacity (A) is the maximum amount of air the lungs can hold. Vital capacity (C) is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation. Tidal volume (D) is the volume of air moved in and out of the lungs during normal breathing, not after a forceful expiration.

The nurse is caring for a patient with lung metastases who just underwent a mediastinotomy. What should be the focus of the nurse's postprocedure care?

  • A. Assisting with pulmonary function testing (PFT)
  • B. Maintaining the patient's chest tube
  • C. Administering oral suction as needed
  • D. Performing chest physiotherapy
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Maintaining the patient's chest tube. After a mediastinotomy, the focus of postprocedure care is to ensure proper drainage and prevent pneumothorax. Chest tube maintenance is crucial for monitoring drainage, preventing complications, and promoting lung expansion. Assisting with PFT (A) is not a priority immediately post mediastinotomy. Administering oral suction (C) can disrupt the chest tube and increase infection risk. Performing chest physiotherapy (D) may be indicated later but is not the immediate priority.

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