Nokea
Which of the following suppress(es) the secretion of ACTH?
- A. Elevated blood glucose levels
- B. Dietary iodine
- C. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
- D. Elevated plasma cortisol levels
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Elevated plasma cortisol levels suppress the secretion of ACTH through negative feedback. High cortisol levels signal the hypothalamus and pituitary to decrease the release of CRH and ACTH, respectively, to maintain homeostasis. This is a regulatory mechanism to prevent excessive cortisol production.
A: Elevated blood glucose levels do not directly suppress ACTH secretion.
B: Dietary iodine is not related to ACTH secretion.
C: CRH stimulates ACTH release, so it does not suppress its secretion.
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This is Not an Endocrine Gland
- A. Adrenal
- B. Pituitary
- C. Lacrimal
- D. Thyroid
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lacrimal gland. The lacrimal gland is not an endocrine gland because it does not secrete hormones into the bloodstream. It produces tears to lubricate and cleanse the eyes. Adrenal, Pituitary, and Thyroid glands are endocrine glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate various functions in the body. Adrenal glands produce cortisol and adrenaline, Pituitary gland regulates other endocrine glands, and Thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones. Therefore, Lacrimal gland is the correct answer as it does not secrete hormones into the bloodstream like the other choices.
Which one of the following is NOT typical of the changes that follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells:
- A. plasma membrane permeability changes
- B. cellular mutations occur
- C. enzymes are activated or inactivated
- D. mitosis is stimulated
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: cellular mutations occur. Hormone binding typically triggers signaling cascades that lead to cellular responses like changing plasma membrane permeability, activating/inactivating enzymes, or stimulating mitosis. Cellular mutations are not a direct result of hormone binding and are typically caused by external factors like radiation or chemicals. In this context, mutations do not happen as an immediate response to hormone binding. Therefore, option B is the correct choice. Plasma membrane permeability changes, enzyme activation/inactivation, and mitosis stimulation are all typical outcomes of hormone binding and subsequent signaling pathways.
Which of the following is least associated with the adrenal medulla?
- A. Catecholamines
- B. Epinephrine and norepinephrine
- C. Fight-or-flight response
- D. Sugar, salt, and sex
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the adrenal medulla is primarily involved in the production of catecholamines, specifically epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are associated with the fight-or-flight response. This response is triggered by stress and prepares the body for action by increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and redirecting blood flow. On the other hand, the regulation of sugar, salt, and sex hormones is mainly controlled by the adrenal cortex, not the adrenal medulla. Therefore, while choices A, B, and C are directly related to the adrenal medulla's function, choice D is least associated with it.
Simple goiter can be prevented by _________.
- A. antibiotics
- B. adding iodine to the diet
- C. surgery
- D. hormone therapy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: adding iodine to the diet. Iodine deficiency is a common cause of simple goiter. Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones, and a lack of it can lead to the enlargement of the thyroid gland. Adding iodine to the diet helps prevent simple goiter by ensuring the thyroid has enough iodine to function properly. Antibiotics (choice A) are not effective for preventing goiter as it is not caused by bacteria. Surgery (choice C) and hormone therapy (choice D) are typically used to treat goiter once it has developed, not prevent it.
You are caring for a diabetic patient who is developing DKA. Which delegated task is most appropriate?
- A. Ask the unit clerk to page the physician to come to the unit.
- B. Ask the LPN/LVN to administer IV insulin according to the sliding scale.
- C. Ask the nursing assistant to check the patient's level of consciousness.
- D. Ask the nursing assistant to get the patient a cup of orange juice.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Checking the patient's level of consciousness is a crucial assessment for a patient developing DKA, and this task can be delegated to the nursing assistant.