Nokea
The major targets of growth hormone are ________.
- A. the blood vessels
- B. the adrenal glands
- C. the liver
- D. bones and skeletal muscles
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: bones and skeletal muscles. Growth hormone primarily targets these tissues to promote growth and development. Growth hormone stimulates bone growth by acting on bone cells and increasing protein synthesis in skeletal muscles, leading to muscle growth. The other choices are incorrect because growth hormone does not directly target blood vessels, adrenal glands, or the liver for growth-promoting effects. Growth hormone primarily affects bone and muscle tissues for growth and repair.
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A patient with hypothyroidism is treated with levothyroxine (Synthroid). What should the nurse include when teaching the patient about this therapy?
- A. Explain that alternate-day dosage may be used if side effects occur.
- B. Provide written instruction for all information related to the drug therapy.
- C. Assure the patient that a return to normal function will occur with replacement therapy.
- D. Inform the patient that the drug must be taken until the hormone balance is reestablished.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Providing written instructions helps ensure the patient understands the treatment plan, including correct dosage, administration, and any potential side effects.
Which gland is responsible for the production of adrenaline?
- A. Adrenal
- B. Parathyroid
- C. Gonadal
- D. Pancreas
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Adrenal. The adrenal gland is responsible for producing adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, which is a hormone released in response to stress or danger. Adrenaline helps the body prepare for fight or flight responses by increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and boosting energy. The other choices, Parathyroid, Gonadal, and Pancreas, are not responsible for producing adrenaline. Parathyroid glands regulate calcium levels, gonadal glands produce sex hormones, and the pancreas produces insulin and digestive enzymes. Therefore, the adrenal gland is the correct answer for the production of adrenaline.
Gonadocorticoid(s) ________.
- A. synthesized by the adrenal medulla are primarily androgens
- B. production by the adrenal gland is insignificant compared with sex hormone release from the gonads during late puberty
- C. secretion inhibition is highly dependent on a negative feedback loop involving ACTH
- D. hypersecretion can result in adrenogenital syndrome, also called feminization
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because during late puberty, the production of sex hormones by the gonads significantly outweighs the production of gonadocorticoids by the adrenal gland. This is due to the maturation and increased activity of the gonads during this developmental stage.
Rationale:
A: Synthesized by the adrenal medulla are primarily catecholamines, not androgens.
C: Secretion inhibition of gonadocorticoids is primarily regulated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, not solely by a negative feedback loop involving ACTH.
D: Hypersecretion of gonadocorticoids can lead to conditions like Cushing's syndrome, not adrenogenital syndrome or feminization.
What is the name of the change of state?
- A. condensation
- B. evaporation
- C. melting
- D. solidification
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: solidification. Solidification is the process in which a substance changes from a liquid state to a solid state by losing heat energy. In this process, the particles slow down and come closer together, forming a solid structure.
Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: Condensation is the change of state from gas to liquid, not from liquid to solid.
B: Evaporation is the change of state from liquid to gas, not from liquid to solid.
C: Melting is the change of state from solid to liquid, not from liquid to solid.
In summary, the process described in the question, changing from a liquid state to a solid state, is known as solidification, making it the correct answer.
Which is absorbed mainly in the colon?
- A. short chain fatty acids
- B. calcium
- C. vitamin K
- D. oligosaccharides
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: short chain fatty acids. The colon is where most of the absorption of short chain fatty acids occurs after digestion in the small intestine. Short chain fatty acids are produced by gut bacteria breaking down dietary fiber and play a crucial role in energy production and maintaining gut health. Calcium is primarily absorbed in the small intestine, vitamin K is absorbed in the small intestine and liver, and oligosaccharides are mainly broken down in the small intestine by enzymes. Therefore, A is the correct answer as it aligns with the specific absorption function of the colon.