Nokea
Which of the following test(s) is/are routinely used in the assessment of heart failure?
- A. Holter monitoring
- B. ECG and echocardiography
- C. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
- D. Echocardiography
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ECG and echocardiography are routine in heart failure assessment ECG detects ischemia/arrhythmias, echocardiography confirms ejection fraction and structure, per ESC guidelines. Holter monitoring targets arrhythmias, not routine. Ambulatory BP aids hypertension, not HF directly. Trans-oesophageal echo is specialized. This pair ensures comprehensive chronic HF evaluation.
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All of the following are true about erysipelas EXCEPT
- A. facial and scalp manifestations occur in infants and the elderly
- B. it progresses to skin desquamation
- C. bacteremia common in the lower extremity manifestations
- D. fever
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Erysipelas face, scalp, peeling, fever, sharp edge fit; bacteremia's rare, not common. Nurses mark this chronic skin truth.
Lymphoma is differentiated in stages to assisting classifications. Stage III is when there are
- A. Diffuse or disseminated involvement of one or more extra lymphatic organs
- B. Involvement limited to one side of the diaphragm with two or more lymph node regions
- C. Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm
- D. Involvement of a single lymph node region or single extralymphatic organ or site
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lymphoma's Stage III nodes jump diaphragm's sides, not one-sided, organ-wide, or solo. Nurses stage this, a chronic spread mark.
Which of the following statements regarding weight regulation is FALSE?
- A. The reward system of weight regulation cannot override the signals from the homeostatic weight regulation circuitry
- B. Weight regain after weight loss is physiological and not necessarily due to a failure of conscious efforts to lose weight
- C. Liking and wanting of food are subconscious processes
- D. In human studies, functional MRI (fMRI) studies have shown overactivation of reward-encoding brain regions and/or deficiency in cortical inhibitory networks in obese people
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Reward can trump homeostatic signals dopamine's pull often beats leptin's brake, a false claim busted by obesity's hedonic drive. Regain's wired, liking/wanting's deep, fMRI shows reward overdrive, and corticolimbic rules non-homeostatic. Clinicians tackle this override, a chronic quirk in weight's tug-of-war.
Obesity is associated with an increased incidence of which of the following disorders?
- A. Dyslipidaemia
- B. Hypertension
- C. Cancer
- D. All disorders mentioned above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Obesity hauls dyslipidaemia, hypertension, cancer fat's a triple threat, no dodge. Nurses see this, a chronic disease bundle.
Risk factors for developing COPD do not include:
- A. Smoking - passive or active
- B. Age
- C. High fat diet
- D. Indoor and outdoor air pollution
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: COPD's lung wreckers smoking, age, pollution scar airways, no dodge. High fat diet fattens, not chokes lungs; it's metabolic, not respiratory. Nurses target smoke and smog, not butter, a chronic breath stealer's true culprits.