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Which of the following viruses could be reactivated under immunosuppressive therapy?
- A. Virus Parotitidis
- B. Rubella virus
- C. Influenza A
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, "None of the above," because viruses like Parotitidis (mumps), Rubella, and Influenza A are not typically associated with reactivation under immunosuppressive therapy. Reactivation is more commonly seen in latent viruses like herpesviruses (e.g., herpes simplex, varicella-zoster), cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus. These viruses can remain dormant in the body and reactivate when the immune system is compromised. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as the viruses mentioned in choices A, B, and C do not fit the criteria for reactivation under immunosuppressive therapy.
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After 4 months of treatment for tuberculosis the patient began complaining of toes and fingers numbness, sensation of creeps. He was diagnosed with polyneuritis. What antituberculous drug might have caused these complications?
- A. Isoniazid
- B. Rifampicin
- C. Ciprofloxacin
- D. Sodium salt of benzylpenicillin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Isoniazid. Isoniazid is known to cause peripheral neuropathy as a side effect, especially with prolonged use. It can lead to symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and weakness in the toes and fingers due to its neurotoxic effects. Rifampicin (B) is less likely to cause neuropathy. Ciprofloxacin (C) is not typically associated with neuropathy. Sodium salt of benzylpenicillin (D) is an antibiotic but is not known to cause polyneuritis.
An 18-year-old patient has developed candidiasis after the case of pneumonia treated with β-lactam antibiotic. What antimycotic agent should be prescribed?
- A. Fluconazole
- B. Streptomycin
- C. Phthalylsulfathiazole
- D. Ampicillin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fluconazole.
1. Fluconazole is an antifungal agent effective against Candida species commonly causing candidiasis.
2. Streptomycin (B) is an antibiotic used for bacterial infections, not fungal.
3. Phthalylsulfathiazole (C) is an antibacterial agent, not antifungal.
4. Ampicillin (D) is a β-lactam antibiotic, which can actually contribute to fungal infections like candidiasis.
The organism often called “flesh-eating bacteria†is:
- A. Staphylococcus aureus
- B. Staphylococcus epidermidis
- C. Streptococcus pyogenes
- D. Propionibacterium acnes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Streptococcus pyogenes. This bacterium is commonly known as "flesh-eating bacteria" due to its ability to cause severe tissue destruction and necrotizing fasciitis. Streptococcus pyogenes produces toxins that break down skin and muscle tissues. Staphylococcus aureus (A) can cause skin infections but is not typically associated with necrotizing fasciitis. Staphylococcus epidermidis (B) is a normal skin flora and rarely causes infections. Propionibacterium acnes (D) is associated with acne and not known for causing tissue destruction. Therefore, the correct choice is Streptococcus pyogenes due to its unique ability to cause severe tissue damage and necrotizing fasciitis.
Which bacteria are associated with causing foodborne infections?
- A. Clostridium botulinum
- B. Escherichia coli
- C. Salmonella enterica
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D (All of the above) because all three bacteria (Clostridium botulinum, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica) are known to cause foodborne infections. Clostridium botulinum can lead to botulism, E. coli can cause various gastrointestinal illnesses, and Salmonella enterica is a common cause of food poisoning. Each bacterium has specific mechanisms that result in foodborne illnesses. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because each bacterium mentioned is associated with causing foodborne infections, making them collectively the correct answer.
Elementary and reticular bodies are morphological?
- A. Mycoplasma genitalium
- B. Chlamydia trachomatis
- C. Rickettsia prowazekii
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Chlamydia trachomatis. Elementary bodies (EBs) and reticular bodies (RBs) are two distinct forms of Chlamydia trachomatis, a bacterium causing various infections. EBs are the infectious form, while RBs are the replicative form within host cells. Mycoplasma genitalium (choice A) lacks a cell wall and does not have these specific morphological forms. Rickettsia prowazekii (choice C) is an obligate intracellular bacterium but does not exhibit the elementary and reticular body forms characteristic of Chlamydia trachomatis. Therefore, the correct answer is B, as only Chlamydia trachomatis exhibits the elementary and reticular bodies.