Nokea
Which of the following would be associated with the action of steroids on cells?
- A. extracellular receptors with a specificity for only a single amino acid sequence on the hormone
- B. an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cyclic AMP
- C. second-messenger systems
- D. a hormone-receptor complex that interacts directly with the cellʹs DNA
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because steroids act by binding to intracellular receptors, forming a hormone-receptor complex that directly interacts with the cell's DNA to regulate gene expression. This leads to changes in protein synthesis and cell function.
A: Extracellular receptors do not have specificity for a single amino acid sequence on the hormone. Steroids act intracellularly.
B: Formation of cyclic AMP is associated with G-protein coupled receptors, not steroid receptors.
C: Second-messenger systems are typically involved in signaling cascades triggered by extracellular ligands, not steroids.
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Which row describes aqueous sodium chloride in process 1 and the name of process 2?
- A. residue, evaporation
- B. residue, filtration
- C. filtrate, evaporation
- D. filtrate, filtration
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: filtrate, evaporation. In process 1, aqueous sodium chloride would form the filtrate after filtration, as the solid residue is left behind. In process 2, evaporation is used to separate the solvent (water) from the dissolved salt, leaving behind the pure salt. Choice A is incorrect because residue is the solid left behind, not the liquid portion (filtrate). Choice B is incorrect as filtration results in the filtrate, not the residue. Choice D is incorrect as the filtrate undergoes evaporation, not filtration.
A nurse is teaching a client about signs and symptoms of thyrotoxic crisis. Which of the following signs and symptoms below are indicative of thyrotoxic crisis?
- A. Chest pain
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Altered level of consciousness
- D. Hypothermia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Altered level of consciousness is a critical symptom of thyrotoxic crisis, which is a life-threatening condition caused by excessive thyroid hormone levels.
What findings are commonly found in a patient with a prolactinoma?
- A. Gynecomastia in men
- B. Profuse menstruation in women
- C. Excess follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
- D. Signs of increased intracranial pressure, including headache, nausea, and vomiting
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prolactinomas often cause gynecomastia in men and other symptoms due to increased prolactin secretion.
A patient presents with polyuria and thirst. There appears to be no elevation of glucose in the body, however, the serum osmolality appears to be low. Upon performing the water deprivation test, the osmolatity is still low. Which of the following is true?
- A. The problem is in the pituitary
- B. The problem is in the kidneys
- C. The patient has diabetes mellitus
- D. The patient has high ADH in the serum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: The problem is in the kidneys. In this scenario, the low serum osmolality despite water deprivation indicates the kidneys are unable to concentrate urine, leading to excessive loss of water. This condition is known as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Choice A is incorrect as pituitary dysfunction would result in high serum osmolality due to lack of ADH. Choice C is incorrect as diabetes mellitus would show high glucose levels. Choice D is incorrect as high ADH in the serum would lead to concentrated urine and high serum osmolality.
Which one of the following is an appropriate nursing intervention for preparing a client for a CT scan?
- A. Consult the physician for the special preparation
- B. Provide general explanation to the client
- C. Inform client to temporarily eliminate salt from the diet
- D. Instruct the client to fast
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Providing a general explanation to the client about the CT scan ensures they understand the procedure and prepares them psychologically for the test.