Nokea
Treatment of acute organophosphorus poisoning includes all of the following EXCEPT:
- A. Intravenous atropine
- B. Decontamination
- C. Artificial respiration and aspiration of secretions
- D. Intravenous methacholine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Intravenous methacholine. Methacholine is a parasympathomimetic drug that would worsen the symptoms of organophosphorus poisoning by further stimulating the cholinergic receptors. Intravenous atropine is used to counteract the excessive cholinergic stimulation. Decontamination is crucial to remove any remaining poison from the skin or gastrointestinal tract. Artificial respiration and aspiration of secretions help manage respiratory distress caused by the poisoning.
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Which of the following is NOT true of glucagon?
- A. produced by the pancreas
- B. increases blood glucose levels
- C. promotes the use of fat and protein instead of glucose
- D. stimulates the liver to store glucose as glycogen
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because glucagon actually stimulates the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream, not store glucose as glycogen. Glucagon helps increase blood glucose levels by promoting the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, and it also promotes the use of fat and protein for energy when glucose levels are low. Choices A, B, and C are all true statements about glucagon, making them incorrect options in this context.
Which one of the following is an appropriate nursing intervention for preparing a client for a CT scan?
- A. Consult the physician for the special preparation
- B. Provide general explanation to the client
- C. Inform client to temporarily eliminate salt from the diet
- D. Instruct the client to fast
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Providing a general explanation to the client about the CT scan ensures they understand the procedure and prepares them psychologically for the test.
Glucocorticoids enable the body to deal appropriately with stress. They accomplish this by ________.
- A. increasing blood glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid levels and enhancing blood pressure
- B. decreasing the heart rate, thus decreasing blood pressure
- C. stimulating the pancreas to release insulin
- D. blocking the neurotransmitters that prepare the body for the stress response
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because glucocorticoids, like cortisol, increase blood glucose levels through gluconeogenesis, elevate fatty acid levels for energy production, and promote amino acid breakdown for energy. This helps the body respond to stress by providing necessary energy sources. Additionally, glucocorticoids can enhance blood pressure to ensure adequate blood flow during stress.
Option B is incorrect because glucocorticoids typically increase heart rate and blood pressure to support the stress response. Option C is incorrect as glucocorticoids do not stimulate the release of insulin; instead, they can have an anti-insulin effect. Option D is incorrect as glucocorticoids do not block neurotransmitters but rather modulate the stress response at various levels.
The nurse assesses the diabetic patient's technique of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) 3 months after initial instruction. Which error in the performance of SMBG noted by the nurse requires intervention?
- A. Doing the SMBG before and after exercising
- B. Puncturing the finger on the side of the finger pad
- C. Cleaning the puncture site with alcohol before the puncture
- D. Holding the hand down for a few minutes before the puncture
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alcohol on the skin can interfere with glucose readings and should not be used to clean the puncture site.
Abrupt, sudden withdrawal of prednisone (cortisol) is most likely to cause:
- A. Cushing syndrome.
- B. hypocalcemic tetany.
- C. diabetes insipidus.
- D. acute adrenal insufficiency.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: acute adrenal insufficiency. Abrupt withdrawal of prednisone can lead to adrenal insufficiency due to suppression of the adrenal glands' natural cortisol production. This can result in symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, abdominal pain, and low blood pressure. Cushing syndrome (choice A) is caused by excessive cortisol, hypocalcemic tetany (choice B) is due to low calcium levels, and diabetes insipidus (choice C) is a disorder of water balance regulation, not related to prednisone withdrawal.