Nokea
Which of these is the main function of the large intestine?
- A. absorption of nutrients
- B. secretion of digestive enzymes
- C. formation and elimination of feces
- D. digestion of proteins
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: formation and elimination of feces. The main function of the large intestine is to absorb water and electrolytes, form feces by compacting and storing waste material, and eliminate feces through defecation. This process helps maintain the body's fluid balance and eliminates waste. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because absorption of nutrients primarily occurs in the small intestine, secretion of digestive enzymes mainly occurs in the stomach and small intestine, and digestion of proteins mainly occurs in the stomach and small intestine, not the large intestine.
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Your physician measures your blood pressure as 120/110. What SHOULD be your response?
- A. you're not concerned because the higher of the two numbers is normal
- B. you're concerned because the diastolic number indicates your heart will have to work harder
- C. you're not concerned because these numbers mean nothing in terms of heart function
- D. you're concerned because the systolic number is too low and your cardiac output will decrease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: you're concerned because the diastolic number indicates your heart will have to work harder. This is because the diastolic number (110) represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats, which should ideally be below 80. A high diastolic pressure indicates increased resistance in the arteries, making the heart work harder to pump blood. The systolic number (120) being within the normal range is not as concerning as the elevated diastolic pressure.
Summary:
- Choice A is incorrect because the diastolic number being high is a cause for concern.
- Choice C is incorrect as blood pressure numbers are crucial indicators of heart function.
- Choice D is incorrect as the systolic number being low is not the primary concern in this case.
Patients with GI bleeding may experience an acute or chronic blood loss. The patient is experiencing hematochezi The physician recognizes this as:
- A. Vomiting of bright red or maroon blood.
- B. Black, tarry stool.
- C. Coffee ground emesis.
- D. Red- or maroon-colored stool rectally.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hematochezia refers to the passage of fresh, red or maroon-colored blood from the rectum, often indicating lower GI bleeding.
Which of the following tubes is surgically inserted into the abdomen but goes to the small intestine?
- A. Orogastric tube
- B. Nasogastric tube
- C. Jejunostomy tube
- D. Gastrostomy tube
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A jejunostomy tube is placed directly into the small intestine for enteral feeding in clients who cannot tolerate gastric feedings.
Branches of which autonomic nerve carry the parasympathetic motor neurons to the enteric plexi?
- A. oculomotor
- B. facial
- C. glossopharyngeal
- D. vagus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: vagus. The vagus nerve carries parasympathetic motor neurons to the enteric plexi located in the gastrointestinal tract. It innervates most of the organs in the thorax and abdomen, controlling functions like digestion and heart rate. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not carry parasympathetic motor neurons to the enteric plexi. Oculomotor (A) innervates muscles responsible for eye movement, facial (B) innervates facial muscles and salivary glands, and glossopharyngeal (C) innervates the tongue and pharynx, but they do not specifically target the enteric plexi in the gastrointestinal tract.
Which nursing action is appropriate when coaching obese adults enrolled in a behavior modification program?
- A. Having the adults write down the caloric intake of each meal
- B. Asking the adults about situations that tend to increase appetite
- C. Suggesting that the adults plan rewards, such as sugarless candy, for achieving their goals
- D. Encouraging the adults to eat small amounts frequently rather than having scheduled meals Name: ID: A
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because asking about situations that tend to increase appetite helps identify triggers for overeating, aiding in behavior modification. This approach targets the root cause of overeating.
A is incorrect as focusing solely on caloric intake may not address emotional or situational triggers for overeating.
C is incorrect as suggesting rewards like sugarless candy may not address the underlying behaviors contributing to obesity.
D is incorrect as eating small amounts frequently may not address the behavioral and psychological aspects of overeating.