Nokea
Which of these structures is found in the small intestine?
- A. Villi
- B. Hepatic portal vein
- C. Goblet cells
- D. Mesenteries
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Villi. Villi are finger-like projections lining the small intestine that increase surface area for nutrient absorption. This structure is crucial for efficient digestion and absorption of nutrients. The other choices are incorrect because:
B: Hepatic portal vein - This structure is not found in the small intestine but connects the intestines to the liver.
C: Goblet cells - While present in the small intestine, they are not a defining structure of the small intestine.
D: Mesenteries - These are connective tissues that support and hold organs in place, not a structure specific to the small intestine.
You may also like to solve these questions
A client with an ileostomy wants to know why to avoid fibrous vegetables. What should be the nurse's response?
- A. They cause gas formation.
- B. They cause stomal obstruction.
- C. They are difficult to digest.
- D. They increase the risk of diarrhea.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because fibrous vegetables can potentially cause stomal obstruction in clients with an ileostomy due to their indigestible nature, leading to blockages in the stoma. This can result in severe complications and require medical intervention. Gas formation (choice A) is a common issue with high-fiber foods but is not specific to fibrous vegetables. Fibrous vegetables are not necessarily difficult to digest (choice C) for most individuals, although they may be harder for those with reduced gut function. While fibrous vegetables may contribute to loose stools, they do not directly increase the risk of diarrhea (choice D) in the same way they can cause stomal obstruction.
A 68-yr-old male patient with a stroke is unconscious and unresponsive to stimuli. After learning that the patient has a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), what should the nurse plan to assess more frequently than is routine?
- A. Apical pulse
- B. Bowel sounds
- C. Breath sounds
- D. Abdominal girth
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Breath sounds. Given the patient's history of GERD, there is an increased risk of aspiration pneumonia due to the reflux of gastric contents into the lungs. Therefore, assessing breath sounds more frequently is crucial to monitor for signs of respiratory distress or pneumonia.
A: Apical pulse is important but not directly related to the patient's history of GERD.
B: Bowel sounds are relevant for assessing GI function but not specifically impacted by GERD.
D: Abdominal girth is more related to abdominal distension or organ enlargement rather than GERD complications.
The patient experienced a blood transfusion reaction. How should the nurse explain to the patient the cause of the hemolytic jaundice that occurred?
- A. Results from hepatocellular disease
- B. Due to a malaria parasite breaking apart red blood cells (RBCs)
- C. Results from decreased flow of bile through the liver or biliary system
- D. Due to increased breakdown of RBCs that caused elevated serum unconjugated bilirubin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Hemolytic jaundice in a blood transfusion reaction is due to increased breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs) causing elevated serum unconjugated bilirubin. This occurs when the patient's immune system reacts to the transfused blood, leading to destruction of RBCs. The breakdown of these cells releases hemoglobin, which is metabolized into bilirubin. This unconjugated bilirubin then accumulates in the blood, causing jaundice.
Choice A is incorrect because hepatocellular disease does not directly cause hemolytic jaundice. Choice B is incorrect as malaria parasite breaking apart RBCs leads to hemolysis, not a blood transfusion reaction. Choice C is incorrect as decreased bile flow through the liver or biliary system typically causes obstructive jaundice, not hemolytic jaundice.
The nurse cautions that constant stress can cause which alteration to the gastrointestinal (GI) system?
- A. Slowed GI mobility resulting in constipation
- B. Reversed peristalsis resulting in projectile vomiting
- C. Increased digestive juices resulting in a gastric ulcer
- D. Decreased digestive juices resulting in ineffective metabolism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because constant stress triggers the release of excess digestive juices, leading to increased acid production and potentially causing a gastric ulcer. Stress activates the sympathetic nervous system, which in turn stimulates the release of stress hormones that can disrupt the balance of digestive juices. Slowed GI mobility (choice A) typically causes constipation, not directly related to stress. Reversed peristalsis (choice B) leading to projectile vomiting is more commonly associated with conditions such as food poisoning or intestinal blockages. Decreased digestive juices (choice D) would likely result in poor digestion and nutrient absorption, but it is not a common consequence of stress-induced alterations to the GI system.
The nurse caring for an 80-year-old woman who is undergoing the extensive bowel preparation for a colonoscopy. The nurse should most closely monitor the patient for which potential complication?
- A. Diarrhea
- B. Metabolic acidosis
- C. Fatigue
- D. Dyspnea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Metabolic acidosis. During bowel preparation for a colonoscopy, the patient may experience electrolyte imbalances due to fluid loss from diarrhea and bowel cleansing agents. This can lead to metabolic acidosis, characterized by low pH and bicarbonate levels in the blood. The nurse should monitor for signs such as confusion, weakness, and rapid breathing. Diarrhea (A) is a common side effect of bowel preparation but is not the most critical complication to monitor. Fatigue (C) and dyspnea (D) are not directly related to the electrolyte imbalances that can lead to metabolic acidosis in this scenario.