Nokea
Which one of the following drugs can trigger severe bronchospasm in a patient who has asthma?
- A. Atropine
- B. Isoproterenol
- C. Phenylephrine
- D. Propranolol
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Propranolol. Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker that can trigger severe bronchospasm in patients with asthma by blocking beta-2 receptors in the lungs, leading to bronchoconstriction. Atropine (A) is an anticholinergic drug that dilates the airways. Isoproterenol (B) is a beta-agonist that relaxes the airway smooth muscles. Phenylephrine (C) is a sympathomimetic drug that constricts blood vessels, not airways.
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The clinic nurse taught foot care to an outpatient diabetic. The nurse can evaluate the effectiveness of her teaching on his next visit by observing for
- A. colored socks
- B. corns
- C. straight toenails
- D. dermatophytosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Corns can indicate improper foot care, and this is a sign the patient may not be following the recommended foot care practices.
Which of the following is NOT true of Cushing syndrome?
- A. trunk (torso) becomes obese
- B. basic blood pH
- C. moon-shaped face
- D. hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Cushing syndrome is characterized by hypersecretion of adrenal cortex hormones, not hyposecretion.
2. Option D states hyposecretion, which is incorrect for Cushing syndrome.
3. Trunk obesity, moon-shaped face, and alkalosis (basic blood pH) are characteristic features of Cushing syndrome.
4. Thus, option D is the correct answer because it is not a true characteristic of Cushing syndrome.
Summary:
Option D is incorrect because Cushing syndrome is associated with hypersecretion of adrenal cortex hormones, not hyposecretion. Options A, B, and C are true characteristics of Cushing syndrome, making them incorrect choices.
The only insulin that can be administered intravenously is
- A. Lente
- B. Semi-Lente
- C. regular
- D. NPH
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Only regular insulin is approved for intravenous administration due to its rapid onset and shorter duration of action.
Which of the following is NOT a function of hormones?
- A. Controlling reproduction
- B. Regulating mood
- C. NONE OF THE ABOVE (All of the above are functions of hormones)
- D. Influencing growth
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Answer C is correct because all of the other choices are indeed functions of hormones.
A) Hormones play a crucial role in controlling reproduction by regulating the menstrual cycle, ovulation, and sperm production.
B) Hormones such as serotonin and dopamine have a direct impact on mood regulation and emotional well-being.
D) Hormones like growth hormone and thyroid hormones are essential in influencing growth and development.
Therefore, since all the other choices are valid functions of hormones, the correct answer is C, NONE OF THE ABOVE.
The production and release of hormones caused by a chemical such as calcium is a _____ mechanism.
- A. humoral
- B. neural
- C. sensory
- D. hormonal
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: humoral. Humoral regulation refers to the control of physiological processes by substances in the blood, such as hormones. In this case, the production and release of hormones in response to a chemical like calcium is an example of humoral mechanism. This choice is correct because it specifically involves the blood-borne substances affecting hormone production.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because neural regulation (B) involves the nervous system controlling physiological processes, sensory regulation (C) refers to sensory input influencing responses, and hormonal regulation (D) involves feedback loops within the endocrine system, not directly related to blood-borne substances like calcium.