Nokea
PTH:
- A. lowers plasma calcium.
- B. stimulates osteoclastic activity.
- C. is an iodine-containing hormone.
- D. stimulates osteoblastic activity and causes blood calcium levels to increase.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: stimulates osteoclastic activity. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) acts on bones to stimulate osteoclasts, which are responsible for breaking down bone tissue to release calcium into the bloodstream. This process helps increase blood calcium levels. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because PTH actually increases plasma calcium levels, is not an iodine-containing hormone, and does not stimulate osteoblastic activity.
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Which of the following is NOT a function of hormones?
- A. Controlling reproduction
- B. Regulating mood
- C. NONE OF THE ABOVE (All of the above are functions of hormones)
- D. Influencing growth
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Answer C is correct because all of the other choices are indeed functions of hormones.
A) Hormones play a crucial role in controlling reproduction by regulating the menstrual cycle, ovulation, and sperm production.
B) Hormones such as serotonin and dopamine have a direct impact on mood regulation and emotional well-being.
D) Hormones like growth hormone and thyroid hormones are essential in influencing growth and development.
Therefore, since all the other choices are valid functions of hormones, the correct answer is C, NONE OF THE ABOVE.
The clinic nurse taught foot care to an outpatient diabetic. The nurse can evaluate the effectiveness of her teaching on his next visit by observing for
- A. colored socks
- B. corns
- C. straight toenails
- D. dermatophytosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Corns can indicate improper foot care, and this is a sign the patient may not be following the recommended foot care practices.
A man has been told that he is not synthesizing enough follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and for this reason he may be unable to father a child. Choose the correct statement to explain this problem.
- A. FSH stimulates estrogen secretion by ovarian cells; therefore it is not synthesized by males.
- B. The physician is wronga hormone made in the adenohypophysis could not influence fertility.
- C. FSH stimulates sperm production in the testes.
- D. The man must be producing progesterone, which inhibits the synthesis of FSH.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is essential for sperm production in males.
Step 2: FSH is produced in the anterior pituitary gland.
Step 3: In males, FSH stimulates the Sertoli cells in the testes to support sperm production.
Step 4: Therefore, if a man is not synthesizing enough FSH, it can lead to reduced sperm production and fertility issues.
Summary:
A: Incorrect - FSH is synthesized by males in the anterior pituitary gland, not just females for estrogen secretion.
B: Incorrect - Hormones produced in the adenohypophysis, like FSH, play a crucial role in fertility.
D: Incorrect - Progesterone does not inhibit the synthesis of FSH; it is involved in the female reproductive system, not male fertility.
Peptide hormones _______________.
- A. are hydrophilic
- B. cannot enter the target cell
- C. bind to a receptor on the cell surface
- D. all of these
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because peptide hormones are hydrophilic molecules that cannot pass through the cell membrane, so they bind to receptors on the cell surface to initiate signaling pathways within the cell. Therefore, they are unable to enter the target cell like lipid-soluble hormones do. By binding to specific receptors on the cell surface, peptide hormones trigger a series of events that ultimately lead to a cellular response. Therefore, all of the given statements are true, making D the correct choice.
Ketoacidosis is most related to:
- A. adrenocortical insufficiency.
- B. Cushing syndrome.
- C. excess fatty acid catabolism.
- D. hyperglycemia.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ketoacidosis is most related to excess fatty acid catabolism. During this process, the body breaks down fatty acids into ketones, leading to an accumulation of ketones in the blood and causing metabolic acidosis. Adrenocortical insufficiency (A) is related to cortisol deficiency, not ketoacidosis. Cushing syndrome (B) is associated with excess cortisol production, not ketoacidosis. Hyperglycemia (D) is high blood sugar levels and is not directly related to the mechanism of ketoacidosis.