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Which one of the following is one of the American Nurses Association standards of practice for psychiatric mental health nursing?
- A. Prescriptive authority is granted to psychiatric mental health registered nurses.
- B. All aspects of Standard 5. Implementation may be carried out by psychiatric mental health registered nurses.
- C. Some aspects of Standard 5. Implementation may only be carried out by psychiatric mental health advanced practice nurses.
- D. Psychiatric mental health advanced practice nurses are the only ones who may provide milieu therapy.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prescriptive authority is used by psychiatric mental health advanced practice registered nurses in accordance with state and federal laws and regulations. Some aspects of Standard 5 are advanced practice interventions and may be performed by the psychiatric mental health advanced practice registered nurse. Psychiatric mental health registered nurses may provide milieu therapy according to Standard 5c.
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Before the period of the enlightenment, treatment of the mentally ill included
- A. Creating large institutions to provide custodial care.
- B. Focusing on religious education to improve their souls.
- C. Placing the mentally ill on display for the public's amusement.
- D. Providing a safe refuge or haven offering protection.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In 1775, visitors at St. Mary's of Bethlehem were charged a fee for viewing and ridiculing the mentally ill, who were seen as animals, less than human. Custodial care was not often provided, and primitive beliefs often led to harsh treatments like exorcisms or witch hunts.
Psychiatric nursing became a requirement in nursing education in which year?
- A. 1930
- B. 1940
- C. 1950
- D. 1960
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: It was not until 1950 that the National League for Nursing, which accredits nursing programs, required schools to include an experience in psychiatric nursing.
The nurse is assessing the factors contributing to the well-being of a newly admitted client. Which of the following would the nurse identify as having a positive impact on the individual's mental health?
- A. Not needing others for companionship
- B. The ability to effectively manage stress
- C. A family history of mental illness
- D. Striving for total self-reliance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Individual factors influencing mental health include biologic makeup, autonomy, independence, self-esteem, capacity for growth, vitality, ability to find meaning in life, emotional resilience or hardiness, sense of belonging, reality orientation, and coping or stress management abilities. Interpersonal factors such as intimacy and a balance of separateness and connectedness are both needed for good mental health, and therefore a healthy person would need others for companionship. A family history of mental illness could relate to the biologic makeup of an individual, which may have a negative impact on an individual's mental health, as well as a negative impact on an individual's interpersonal and social/cultural factors of health. Total self-reliance is not possible, and a positive social/cultural factor is access to adequate resources.
Which one of the following is a result of federal legislation?
- A. Making it easier to commit people for mental health treatment against their will.
- B. Making it more difficult to commit people for mental health treatment against their will.
- C. State mental institutions being the primary source of care for mentally ill persons.
- D. Improved care for mentally ill persons.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Commitment laws changed in the early 1970s, making it more difficult to commit people for mental health treatment against their will. Deinstitutionalization accomplished the release of individuals from long-term stays in state institutions. Deinstitutionalization also had negative effects in that some mentally ill persons are subjected to the revolving door effect, which may limit care for mentally ill persons.
Which of the following is a standard of practice?
- A. Quality of care
- B. Outcome identification
- C. Collegiality
- D. Performance appraisal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Standards of practice include assessment, diagnosis, outcomes identification, planning, implementation, coordination of care, health teaching and health promotion, and milieu therapy. The standards of professional performance include quality of practice, education, professional practice evaluation, collegiality, collaboration, ethics, research, resource utilization, and leadership.