Nokea
Which part of the brain has a blood-brain barrier?
- A. anterior pituitary
- B. posterior pituitary
- C. pineal body
- D. area postrema of the fourth ventricle
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The area postrema of the fourth ventricle lacks a blood-brain barrier, allowing it to detect toxins in the blood and trigger vomiting. Other regions listed, such as the anterior pituitary and pineal body, have a blood-brain barrier.
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A 28-year-old female patient has been diagnosed with occipital lobe damage after a car accident. What should the nurse expect the patient to need help with?
- A. Being able to feel heat
- B. Processing visual images
- C. Identifying smells appropriately
- D. Being able to say what she means
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The occipital lobe is primarily responsible for processing visual images.
With regard to dermatomal nerve supply:
- A. C7 supplies the index finger
- B. The anterior axial line of the upper limb runs between C6 and C7
- C. T6 is at the level of the nipple
- D. The umbilicus is supplied by either T12 or L1
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The T6 dermatome corresponds to the level of the nipple. Dermatomes are specific regions of skin supplied by sensory fibers from a single spinal nerve.
Nurse Carter observes that Mr. Adams, a 73-year-old patient in her care, has a distinctive shuffling walk as he moves down the hallway. Recognizing this unique pattern, Nurse Carter reflects on which neurological condition is typically associated with such a gait. Which disease should Nurse Carter associate with a shuffling gait?
- A. Raynaud's disease
- B. Multiple sclerosis
- C. Myasthenia gravis
- D. Parkinson's disease
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A shuffling gait is a hallmark feature of Parkinson's disease, caused by bradykinesia and postural instability.
To assess cranial nerve VIII (Vestibulocochlear nerve), the nurse should:
- A. Perform a hearing test and assess balance.
- B. Evaluate the patient's ability to swallow.
- C. Inspect the patient's throat.
- D. Palpate the patient's neck.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cranial nerve VIII (Vestibulocochlear nerve) is responsible for hearing and balance. A hearing test and balance assessment evaluate its function. Swallowing, throat inspection, and neck palpation are unrelated.
A technique that has proven to be helpful in training individuals with amnesia, where people are prevented - as far as possible - from making any errors while learning a new skill or new information is known as:
- A. Mnemonic training.
- B. Errorless learning.
- C. Aquistion learning.
- D. Prevention training.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Errorless learning is a training technique used to help individuals with amnesia acquire new skills or information without making mistakes. By minimizing errors during the learning process, this method enhances memory retention and reduces the likelihood of incorrect information being stored. Errorless learning is particularly effective for individuals with memory impairments, as it leverages their residual learning abilities and promotes successful skill acquisition.