Which part of the endocrine system is sometimes called the "master gland"?
- A. adrenal gland
- B. pancreas
- C. pituitary gland
- D. pineal gland
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The pituitary gland is often referred to as the 'master gland' because it regulates the function of other endocrine glands by releasing hormones that control growth, metabolism, and reproduction. It is located at the base of the brain and is divided into the anterior and posterior lobes, each producing different hormones. The pituitary gland plays a central role in maintaining hormonal balance and overall bodily function.
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A patient is discharged from the outpatient clinic following application of a synthetic fiberglass long arm cast for a fractured ulna. Before discharge, the nurse instructs the patient to do what?
- A. Never get the cast wet.
- B. Move the shoulder and fingers frequently.
- C. Place tape petals around the edges of the cast when it is dry.
- D. Use a sling to support the arm at waist level for the first 48 hours.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Moving the unaffected parts promotes circulation and reduces stiffness.
What is a nursing intervention that is indicated for the patient with hemiplegia?
- A. The use of a footboard to prevent plantar flexion
- B. Immobilization of the affected arm against the chest with a sling
- C. Positioning the patient in bed with each joint lower than the joint proximal to it
- D. Having the patient perform passive range of motion (ROM) of the affected limb with the unaffected limb
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Using a footboard helps prevent contractures and deformities in patients with hemiplegia
Thyroid hormone:
- A. increases the absorption of carbohydrate from the intestine
- B. exerts a negative feedback action on TSH production
- C. increases the concentration of 2,3-DPG within the red blood cells
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Thyroid hormones enhance carbohydrate absorption, exert negative feedback on TSH production, and increase 2,3-DPG levels in red blood cells, which facilitates oxygen release to tissues.
The mechanism of action for entacapone is:
- A. COMT inhibition
- B. MAO-B inhibition
- C. D2-receptor inhibition
- D. Dopa-decarboxylase inhibition
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Entacapone works by inhibiting catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), which prolongs the effect of levodopa by preventing its breakdown.
A patient recovering from an acute exacerbation of RA tells the nurse that she is too tired to bathe. What should the nurse do for this patient?
- A. Give the patient a bed bath to conserve her energy.
- B. Allow the patient a rest period before showering with the nurse's help.
- C. Tell the patient that she can skip bathing if she will walk in the hall later.
- D. Inform the patient that it is important for her to maintain self-care activities.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Conserving energy is critical during flares.