Nokea
Which patient is at greatest risk for pancreatic cancer?
- A. An elderly black male with a history of smoking and alcohol use
- B. A young, white obese female with no known health issues
- C. A young black male with juvenile onset diabetes
- D. An elderly white female with a history of pancreatitis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pancreatic cancer risk escalates with specific factors: age, race, smoking, and alcohol. An elderly Black male with smoking and alcohol history tops the list incidence peaks in older adults, Black populations face higher rates, and both habits are strong carcinogens, damaging pancreatic tissue over time. A young, obese white female has obesity as a risk, but youth and fewer exposures lower her odds. A young Black male with diabetes links to a risk factor, yet juvenile onset and age reduce immediate concern. An elderly white female with pancreatitis has a notable risk chronic inflammation predisposes but lacks the compounded impact of smoking and alcohol. The elderly Black male's profile aligns with epidemiological data, making him the nurse's focus for vigilant monitoring and early detection efforts.
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The clinic nurse is caring for a 42-year-old male oncology patient. He complains of extreme fatigue and weakness after his first week of radiation therapy. Which response by the nurse would best reassure this patient?
- A. These symptoms usually result from radiation therapy; however, we will continue to monitor your laboratory and x-ray studies
- B. These symptoms are part of your disease and are an unfortunately inevitable part of living with cancer
- C. Try not to be concerned about these symptoms. Every patient feels this way after having radiation therapy
- D. Even though it is uncomfortable, this is a good sign. It means that only the cancer cells are dying
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Radiation zaps energy fatigue and weakness are par for the course, tied to inflammation and repair in treated tissues. Saying this, plus promising lab and imaging checks, reassures him it's expected, not a red flag, and keeps him in the loop. Blaming cancer alone dodges the treatment link, unsettling him. Dismissing it as universal or a good sign' feels flippant normal cells die too. Nurses in oncology lean on honesty and vigilance, easing fears while tracking for worse issues like anemia or infection.
Proven treatment for patients with noncirrhosis from NAFLD include the following except:
- A. Liver transplant
- B. Bariatric surgery
- C. Vitamin E
- D. Weight loss
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Noncirrhotic NAFLD bends to weight loss, bariatric cuts, and Vitamin E's antioxidant punch proven aids. Transplant's endgame for cirrhosis, not here. Metformin flops for fat, despite diabetes use. Clinicians skip this organ swap, leaning on lifestyle and pills, a chronic fix before scars hit.
A patient with a large stomach tumor attached to the liver is scheduled for a debulking procedure. Which information should the nurse teach the patient about the outcome of this procedure?
- A. Pain will be relieved by cutting sensory nerves in the stomach.
- B. Relief of pressure in the stomach will promote better nutrition.
- C. Decreasing the tumor size will improve the effects of other therapy.
- D. Tumor growth will be controlled by the removal of malignant tissue.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Debulking shrinks a stomach tumor stuck to the liver, boosting chemo and radiation's punch smaller targets respond better. Pain relief isn't the goal nerves aren't cut. Pressure relief might help eating, but it's secondary. Growth control fails it's not curative; tumor regrows. Nurses in oncology pitch this: it's a team play, enhancing other treatments' odds, vital for patients facing inoperable masses.
The nurse teaches a patient with cancer of the liver about high-protein, high-calorie diet choices. Which snack choice by the patient indicates that the teaching has been effective?
- A. Lime sherbet
- B. Blueberry yogurt
- C. Fresh strawberries
- D. Cream cheese bagel
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Liver cancer tanks metabolism yogurt's protein and fat (high biologic value) fuel repair and calories, beating sherbet's sugar , strawberries' low heft , and cream cheese's protein-light bagel . Nurses in oncology push this dense nutrition fights cachexia, a liver patient's foe, showing teaching stuck.
Which of the following statements regarding weight regulation is TRUE?
- A. Weight regain after weight loss is physiological and not necessarily due to a failure of conscious efforts (to lose weight)
- B. The reward system of weight regulation is homeostatic in nature
- C. Liking' and wanting' of food are mainly conscious processes
- D. In human studies, functional MRI (fMRI) studies have shown deficiency in reward-encoding brain regions and/or over activation in cortical inhibitory networks in obese people
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Weight bounces back biology, not just willpower; rewards aren't homeostatic, liking's subconscious, fMRI flips, hypothalamus rules. Nurses get this chronic rebound truth.