Nokea
Which patient's nursing care would be most appropriate for the charge nurse to assign to the LPN, under the supervision of the RN team leader?
- A. A 51-year-old patient with bilateral adrenalectomy just returned from the post-anesthesia care unit
- B. An 83-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- C. A 38-year-old patient with myocardial infarction who is preparing for discharge
- D. A 72-year-old patient admitted from long-term care with mental status changes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The care of a patient who just returned from surgery (bilateral adrenalectomy) is appropriate for an LPN under supervision, as it requires monitoring for complications and maintaining patient stability.
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The element essential for normal thyroid function is:
- A. Potassium
- B. Sodium
- C. Iodine
- D. Calcium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Iodine. Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones T3 and T4. These hormones regulate metabolism, growth, and development. Potassium (A), Sodium (B), and Calcium (D) do not play a direct role in thyroid function. Potassium and Sodium are electrolytes important for nerve function and fluid balance, while Calcium is crucial for bone health and muscle function. Therefore, the correct answer is Iodine as it is specifically required for normal thyroid function.
Which of the following organs is affected by thyroid hormone in adults?
- A. liver
- B. spleen
- C. thyroid gland
- D. brain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: liver. Thyroid hormone affects the liver by regulating metabolism and energy production. It increases the breakdown of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. The liver plays a crucial role in converting thyroid hormones into their active form.
Summary:
B: The spleen is not directly affected by thyroid hormone.
C: The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormone but is not directly affected by it in adults.
D: While the brain is indirectly influenced by thyroid hormone, it is not a primary target organ for its effects in adults.
The ovaries secrete which of the following hormones?
- A. Oestrogen
- B. Luteinising hormone
- C. Follicle stimulating hormone
- D. Oxytocin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Oestrogen. Ovaries secrete oestrogen, a key female sex hormone involved in the development of secondary sexual characteristics, regulation of the menstrual cycle, and maintenance of pregnancy. Luteinising hormone (B) and follicle stimulating hormone (C) are secreted by the pituitary gland to regulate ovarian function. Oxytocin (D) is produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland for uterine contractions and milk ejection, not by the ovaries. Therefore, A is correct as ovaries primarily produce oestrogen.
Insulin:
- A. is secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans.
- B. is secreted by the liver.
- C. raises blood glucose levels.
- D. is released by the pancreas in response to low blood glucose levels.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake into cells.
2. Beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas are responsible for secreting insulin.
3. Insulin lowers blood glucose levels by enhancing glucose uptake and storage.
4. Therefore, choice A is correct as it accurately identifies the source of insulin secretion.
Summary:
- Choice B is incorrect as the liver does not secrete insulin.
- Choice C is incorrect as insulin lowers blood glucose levels.
- Choice D is incorrect as insulin is released in response to high, not low, blood glucose levels.
Calcium level in the blood is regulated by the:
- A. Thyroid
- B. Parathyroid
- C. Adrenal medulla
- D. Both A & B
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Both A & B. The thyroid and parathyroid glands work together to regulate calcium levels in the blood. The parathyroid gland releases parathyroid hormone, which increases calcium levels, while the thyroid gland secretes calcitonin, which decreases calcium levels. Therefore, both glands play a crucial role in maintaining calcium homeostasis. Choice A, the thyroid gland, is incorrect as it primarily regulates metabolism. Choice C, the adrenal medulla, is incorrect as it is responsible for releasing adrenaline and noradrenaline, not regulating calcium levels.