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Which questions are appropriate for a symptom analysis of a patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia?
- A. How often have you found that you stopped and started again several times when you urinated?
- B. How often have you had to urinate again less than 2 hours after you finished urinating?
- C. How often have you been incontinent of urine?
- D. How often have you had constipation due to the enlarged prostate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because frequent urination less than 2 hours after finishing can be indicative of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This symptom, known as urgency, is common in patients with BPH due to bladder irritation. Option A relates more to urinary flow patterns, not specifically associated with BPH. Option C pertains to urinary incontinence, which is not typically a symptom of BPH. Option D is not directly related to BPH symptoms, as constipation is not a common manifestation of this condition.
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The nurse will plan to teach a 51-yr-old man who is scheduled for an annual physical examination about a(n)
- A. increased risk for testicular cancer.
- B. possible changes in erectile function.
- C. normal decreases in testosterone level.
- D. prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: normal decreases in testosterone level. At the age of 51, it is important to educate the man about the normal age-related decline in testosterone levels, which can affect various aspects of health. This information will help manage expectations and address potential symptoms. Option A is incorrect as testicular cancer risk typically decreases with age. Option B may be a concern but is not the primary focus of education for a routine physical exam. Option D (PSA testing) is more relevant for prostate health, which is not the main focus of education for a 51-year-old man's annual physical exam.
A nurse identifies a client with an abnormal lab test that screens for prostate cancer. What is the test that the client will receive to screen for prostate cancer?
- A. PAS
- B. APS
- C. PSA
- D. PCA
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) is the standard screening test for prostate cancer.
RU486 causes abortion if it is administered before or soon after implantation. What is the specific effect of RU486?
- A. It binds to luteinizing hormone receptors, stimulating the secretion of progesterone from the corpus luteum
- B. It blocks progesterone receptors so that progesterone has no effect within the body
- C. It blocks the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone by the pituitary
- D. It blocks the effects of oxytocin receptors in the uterine muscle
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, as RU486 blocks progesterone receptors, preventing progesterone from exerting its effects. Progesterone is crucial for maintaining the uterine lining to support a pregnancy. By blocking progesterone receptors, RU486 causes the uterine lining to break down, leading to the expulsion of the embryo and ultimately causing abortion.
Choice A is incorrect because RU486 does not bind to luteinizing hormone receptors or stimulate progesterone secretion.
Choice C is incorrect because RU486 does not block the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone; its mechanism of action is specific to progesterone receptors.
Choice D is incorrect because RU486 does not block the effects of oxytocin receptors in the uterine muscle; its primary action is on progesterone receptors.
Which of the following is the site of fertilization?
- A. Ureters
- B. Urethra
- C. Uterine tubes
- D. Ovaries
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Uterine tubes. Fertilization occurs in the uterine tubes, also known as Fallopian tubes, where the sperm and egg meet to form a zygote. The uterine tubes provide a suitable environment for fertilization to take place.
A: Ureters - Incorrect, ureters are tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, not involved in fertilization.
B: Urethra - Incorrect, the urethra is a tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body, not involved in fertilization.
D: Ovaries - Incorrect, ovaries release eggs but fertilization does not occur in the ovaries; rather, it occurs in the uterine tubes.
The ovary:
- A. is a gland with mixed role;
- B. has exocrine role, secreting the female sexual hormones;
- C. has endocrine role, generating the ovules;
- D. represents the female gonad;
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the ovary is indeed the female gonad responsible for producing eggs and releasing female sex hormones like estrogen and progesterone. This is its primary function, making it the most accurate choice. Choice A is incorrect as the ovary's main role is reproductive rather than mixed. Choice B is incorrect as the ovary secretes both female sex hormones and eggs, not just hormones. Choice C is incorrect as ovules are part of the female reproductive system but not the main function of the ovary.