Nokea
Which specialized cell of the skin produces pigment?
- A. Keratinocyte
- B. Melanocyte
- C. Langerhans
- D. Horney
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Melanocytes are the correct answer because they are specialized cells in the skin that produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. Melanin protects the skin from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation by absorbing and dissipating the energy, thereby reducing DNA damage in skin cells. This function is crucial for preventing skin cancer and other UV-induced damage.
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When the nurse talks with a client with multiple sclerosis who has slurred speech, which nursing intervention is contraindicated?
- A. Encouraging the client to speak slowly
- B. Encouraging the client to speak distinctly
- C. Asking the client to repeat indistinguishable words
- D. Asking the client to speak louder when tired
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Asking the client to speak louder when tired can exacerbate fatigue and frustration, which is counterproductive for someone with MS.
A graphic designer, who spends hours working on the computer, complains of a slight pain in her right hand. The client describes the pain to be more prominent at night and early in the morning. The condition is not yet serious. Which of the following measures should the nurse suggest to the designer to help alleviate the pain?
- A. Flexing the affected wrist
- B. Shaking the affected hand
- C. Using surgical intervention
- D. Applying physical therapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Flexing the wrist can help relieve pressure on the median nerve, alleviating pain.
The client is having a lumbar puncture performed. The nurse would plan to place the client in which position for the procedure?
- A. Side-lying, with legs pulled up and head bent down onto the chest
- B. Side-lying, with a pillow under the hip
- C. Prone, in a slight Trendelenburg's position
- D. Prone, with a pillow under the abdomen
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The side-lying position with legs pulled up and head bent down onto the chest is the standard position for a lumbar puncture. This position maximizes the space between the vertebrae, allowing easier access to the subarachnoid space for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection. Proper positioning is critical to ensure the procedure is performed safely and effectively.
For a patient diagnosed with dissociative amnesia, complete this outcome: Within 4 weeks, the patient will demonstrate an ability to execute complex mental processes by:
- A. functioning independently.
- B. verbalizing feelings of safety.
- C. regularly attending diversional activities.
- D. describing previously forgotten experiences.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the patient diagnosed with dissociative amnesia typically struggles with memory loss. By describing previously forgotten experiences, the patient demonstrates progress in accessing and processing their memories. This indicates improvement in their ability to execute complex mental processes.
A - Functioning independently is too broad and does not directly address the cognitive aspect of dissociative amnesia.
B - Verbalizing feelings of safety focuses more on emotional regulation rather than cognitive abilities.
C - Regularly attending diversional activities may be beneficial for overall well-being but does not specifically target the core issue of memory impairment in dissociative amnesia.
A client is admitted with a head injury. To monitor hypothalamic function, the nurse should monitor what parameters?
- A. Temp and urinary output
- B. Gastric aspirate and BP
- C. Heart rate and pupillary responses
- D. Respiratory rate and skin integrity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The hypothalamus regulates body temperature and fluid balance, making temperature and urinary output key parameters to monitor in head injury patients. Hypothalamic dysfunction can lead to disorders like diabetes insipidus or syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), affecting fluid balance and temperature regulation.