Nokea
Which statements about air pollutants are correct?
- A. 1 and 2
- B. 1 and 3
- C. 2 and 4
- D. 3 and 4
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Certainly! The correct answer is D because it includes statements 3 and 4, which are both true. Statement 3 is correct, as air pollutants can lead to various health issues. Statement 4 is also accurate, as air pollutants can contribute to environmental degradation. Statements 1 and 2 are incorrect as they are not included in the correct answer. Statement 1 may not be universally applicable, and statement 2 does not cover the broad impact of air pollutants on both health and the environment as indicated in statements 3 and 4. Therefore, choice D is the most accurate based on the information provided.
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Mrs. A., a 50-year-old female, has had symptoms of Cushing syndrome for several years. Mrs. A. states she is 5'5\ tall and weighs 160 lb but the nurse who measured and weighed Mrs. A. states she is only 5' tall. What is the best explanation for this discrepancy?"
- A. Mrs. A. is old and forgetful
- B. Mrs. A. has had previous back surgery
- C. The nurse has measured Mrs. A. incorrectly
- D. Osteoporosis and kyphosis have caused height loss
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Osteoporosis and kyphosis are common in patients with Cushing syndrome, leading to a loss of height.
A patient with acromegaly is treated with a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. What should the nurse do postoperatively?
- A. Ensure that any clear nasal drainage is tested for glucose.
- B. Maintain the patient flat in bed to prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage.
- C. Assist the patient with toothbrushing every 4 hours to keep the surgical area clean.
- D. Encourage deep breathing, coughing, and turning to prevent respiratory complications.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clear nasal drainage should be tested for glucose to rule out cerebrospinal fluid leakage, which can occur after transsphenoidal surgery.
What stimulates the release of PTH from the parathyroid gland?
- A. TSH from the posterior pituitary gland
- B. high levels of calcium in the blood
- C. calcitonin from the anterior pituitary gland
- D. low levels of calcium in the blood
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: low levels of calcium in the blood. When calcium levels drop, the parathyroid gland releases parathyroid hormone (PTH) to increase calcium levels in the blood. This is a negative feedback mechanism to maintain calcium homeostasis. A: TSH from the posterior pituitary gland is incorrect because TSH is involved in regulating thyroid function, not PTH release. B: High levels of calcium in the blood would not stimulate PTH release as the body aims to lower, not raise, calcium levels. C: Calcitonin from the anterior pituitary gland is incorrect because calcitonin is released by the thyroid gland and works to lower blood calcium levels, opposing the action of PTH.
The nurse is assessing a client who exhibits spontaneous spasm of the fingers or toes, mouth twitching or jaw tightening when he taps the cheek anteriorly to the earlobe. What sign does the nurse identify to document in the chart that is consistent with tetany?
- A. Lhermitte's sign
- B. Trousseau's sign
- C. Chvostek's sign
- D. Bulge sign
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chvostek's sign is a positive sign of tetany, where tapping the cheek causes twitching of the facial muscles, indicating low calcium levels.
A 10-year-old boy is diagnosed with Attention Deficit/Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD). Which of the following drugs is most likely to prove effective for relieving the boy’s main symptoms?
- A. Dobutamine
- B. Amphetamine
- C. Pancuronium
- D. Prazosin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Amphetamine. Amphetamine is a stimulant commonly used to treat symptoms of ADHD as it helps improve focus, impulse control, and hyperactivity. It works by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain. Dobutamine (A) is a different type of stimulant used for heart conditions. Pancuronium (C) is a muscle relaxant used during surgery, and Prazosin (D) is an alpha-blocker used for high blood pressure and PTSD nightmares. Therefore, Amphetamine is the most likely drug to be effective for relieving the boy's main symptoms of ADHD.