Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy and Physiology Related

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Which structure of the nervous system carries action potentials in the direction of a synapse?

  • A. cell body
  • B. axon
  • C. neuron
  • D. myelin
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the axon. The axon is a long, slender projection of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body towards other neurons, muscles, or glands. Action potentials travel along the axon to the axon terminals where they lead to the release of neurotransmitters at the synapse, allowing communication with other neurons or target cells. The cell body contains the nucleus and organelles of the neuron but does not transmit action potentials. Neurons are the functional unit of the nervous system composed of the cell body, dendrites, and axon. Myelin is a fatty substance that surrounds and insulates axons, helping to speed up the transmission of nerve impulses but does not carry action potentials towards the synapse.

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Which of the following hormones are tropic hormones? (Select one that doesn't apply.)

  • A. Somatotropin
  • B. Follicle-stimulating hormone
  • C. Antidiuretic hormone
  • D. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Tropic hormones are hormones that stimulate the release of other hormones from target endocrine glands. Somatotropin (A) is growth hormone from the anterior pituitary that acts directly on tissues. Follicle-stimulating hormone (B) and Thyroid-stimulating hormone (D) are tropic hormones that act on the gonads and thyroid gland, respectively, to stimulate the production of other hormones. Antidiuretic hormone (C) is not a tropic hormone; it regulates water balance by acting on the kidneys to reduce water excretion.

Which type of joint within the synovial category is the elbow classified as?

  • A. Pivot
  • B. Hinge
  • C. Ball and socket
  • D. Toddle
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hinge. The elbow joint is classified as a hinge joint within the synovial category. Hinge joints primarily allow for flexion and extension movements, resembling a door hinge. In the case of the elbow joint, it enables the bending and straightening actions of the arm, crucial for various activities involving the upper limb.

What are the connective tissue cells found in nerve tissue called?

  • A. Osteoblasts
  • B. Neuroglia
  • C. Osteocytes
  • D. Arterioles
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Within nerve tissue, in addition to neurons responsible for transmitting nerve impulses, there are connective tissue cells known as neuroglia. Neuroglia play a vital role in providing support, insulation, and protection for neurons within the nervous system. Osteoblasts are involved in bone formation, osteocytes are mature bone cells, and arterioles are small arteries responsible for regulating blood flow, not found in nerve tissue.

What are groups of like cells called?

  • A. Membrane
  • B. System
  • C. Organ
  • D. Tissue
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Groups of like cells are called tissues. Tissues consist of cells with similar structures and functions that work together to perform specific functions in an organism. Examples of tissues include muscle tissue, nerve tissue, and epithelial tissue.

Which system in the human body is responsible for transporting blood throughout the body?

  • A. Digestive System
  • B. Circulatory System
  • C. Nervous System
  • D. Respiratory System
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The circulatory system is responsible for transporting blood throughout the body. It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs to the rest of the body and returns deoxygenated blood back to the lungs for oxygenation. The blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries, help in the transport of blood to all parts of the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients while removing waste products. The digestive system is responsible for processing food, the nervous system for transmitting signals, and the respiratory system for exchanging gases.

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