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Which type of lung cancer is strongly associated with exposure to asbestos?
- A. Mesothelioma
- B. Adenocarcinoma
- C. Squamous cell carcinoma
- D. Small cell lung cancer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mesothelioma. Mesothelioma is a type of cancer that affects the lining of the lungs, abdomen, or heart, and is primarily caused by exposure to asbestos fibers. Asbestos exposure is a well-established risk factor for developing mesothelioma. Adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell lung cancer are not typically associated with asbestos exposure. This association is key in determining the correct answer.
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The nurse determines that the treatment of heart failure has been successful when the patient experiences
- A. Weight loss and diuresis
- B. Warm skin and less fatigue
- C. Clear lung sounds and decreased heart rate
- D. Absence of chest pain and improved LOC
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Successful treatment of heart failure is indicated by an absence of symptoms of pulmonary edema and hypoxemia, such as clear lung sounds and a normal heart rate.
What is a condition where the heart beats too fast, reducing its ability to pump blood effectively?
- A. Tachycardia
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Arrhythmia
- D. Ventricular fibrillation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tachycardia. Tachycardia is a condition where the heart beats too fast, resulting in reduced effectiveness in pumping blood. This occurs when the heart rate exceeds the normal range, impacting the heart's ability to fill and empty properly. Bradycardia (B) is the opposite, where the heart beats too slowly. Arrhythmia (C) refers to an irregular heartbeat pattern, which may or may not involve a fast heart rate. Ventricular fibrillation (D) is a life-threatening arrhythmia where the heart quivers instead of pumping effectively.
A patient recently had a cardiac catheterization via right-radial approach and now has a compression device in place. The patient reports numbness and pain in the right hand. The cardiac-vascular nurse notes a diminished pulse, with a cool and cyanotic hand. The nurse:
- A. calls the physician.
- B. performs an Allen test.
- C. reduces the pressure on the puncture site.
- D. uses the Doppler ultrasound to assess for pulse signals.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reducing pressure on the puncture site is necessary to restore blood flow to the hand.
This is a test that measures the oxygen saturation level in the blood, often used to assess respiratory function.
- A. Pulse oximetry
- B. Spirometry
- C. Arterial blood gas (ABG)
- D. Lung function test
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pulse oximetry. Pulse oximetry measures oxygen saturation levels in the blood by using a non-invasive method to determine the percentage of hemoglobin carrying oxygen. This test is commonly used to assess respiratory function quickly and efficiently.
Summary of incorrect options:
B: Spirometry measures lung function by assessing airflow and volume.
C: ABG measures oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood.
D: Lung function test is a broad term that can include various tests, such as spirometry and imaging studies.
In auscultating over a peripheral artery, what sound would suggest obstruction of the artery?
- A. Dullness
- B. Tympany
- C. Bruit
- D. Vibrations
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A bruit is an abnormal sound heard over an artery due to turbulent blood flow, often indicating partial obstruction.