Nokea
Where is the best place to observe for the presence of petechiae in dark-skinned individuals?
- A. Face
- B. Buttocks TestBankWorld.org
- C. Oral mucosa
- D. Palms and soles
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Petechiae are small, pinpoint, red or purple spots on the skin caused by bleeding into the skin. In dark-skinned individuals, it can be challenging to visualize petechiae due to the pigmentation of the skin. However, one of the best places to observe for the presence of petechiae in dark-skinned individuals is the oral mucosa, specifically the inner lining of the mouth. The oral mucosa is usually lighter in color compared to the skin, making it easier to identify petechiae in this area. Palms and soles may also be a good place to observe for petechiae, but the oral mucosa is typically the preferred site for examination in dark-skinned individuals.
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A 39 y.o. homemaker sees her physician after she falls twice for seemingly no reason. Diagnostic tests are done, and she is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Which of the ff. explanations will help her understand her disease?
- A. "You have a build-up of myelin in your nervous system, causing congestion and muscle weakness."
- B. "You are missing a neurotransmitter that is important to muscle contraction."
- C. "The receptor sites on your muscles are damaged, so they can't contract correctly."
- D. "The insulation on your nerve cells is damaged, which slows the impulses to the muscles."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Option D, "The insulation on your nerve cells is damaged, which slows the impulses to the muscles," is the most accurate explanation for multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath, the protective covering of nerve fibers in the central nervous system. This damage disrupts the normal flow of electrical impulses along the nerves, leading to various symptoms such as muscle weakness, coordination problems, and balance issues. By understanding that the insulation on her nerve cells is damaged, the patient can better comprehend why she is experiencing symptoms like muscle weakness and falls.
An adult has a Hickman type central venous catheter and needs to have blood drawn from it. Which of the following should the nurse do first?
- A. Use sterile technique to assemble supplies needed
- B. Aspirate and discard the first 10 ml of the blood
- C. First flush the catheter with heparinized solution, then withdraw the blood
- D. Remove the cap of the catheter and replace it with a new one
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Before drawing blood from a central venous catheter like a Hickman type, it is essential to ensure that the catheter is patent and free of any clots. Flushing the catheter with a heparinized solution (to prevent clot formation) before withdrawing blood helps clear the catheter and ensures accurate blood sample collection. Removing clots or obstructions from the catheter is crucial to prevent complications and maintain the catheter's function. Therefore, it is important to first flush the catheter with a heparinized solution before drawing blood from it.
The child who helps to undress, puts 3 words together (subject, verb, object), and handles a spoon well has an age around
- A. 15 mo
- B. 18 mo
- C. 24 mo
- D. 30 mo
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: These milestones are typically achieved around 24 months.
A patient is diagnosed with acute bacterial conjunctivitis. In providing patient teaching the nurse would tell the patient that this condition is more commonly known as which of the following?
- A. Glaucoma
- B. Color blindness
- C. Astigmatism
- D. Pinkeye
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acute bacterial conjunctivitis is commonly known as "pinkeye." This condition is characterized by inflammation of the conjunctiva (the thin transparent layer covering the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids) due to a bacterial infection. It is a common eye condition that can cause symptoms such as redness, swelling, itching, and a discharge from the eye. Treatment often involves antibiotic eye drops or ointments to help clear the infection. It is important for patients with pinkeye to practice good hygiene, avoid sharing towels or pillows, and wash hands frequently to prevent the spread of infection to others.
Prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke is associated with
- A. shorter neonatal length
- B. lower birthweight
- C. changes in neonatal behavior
- D. neonatal diabetes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Neonatal diabetes is not commonly associated with prenatal cigarette smoke exposure.