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Mr. Rogers' Biography: 'It's a wonderful day in the neighborhood!' This familiar line always began the Mister Rogers' Neighborhood program on PBS.
The amazing Fred Rogers brought a special message to children around the world. He believed that each person is unique and wonderful in his or her own way and we should accept others just the way they are without trying to change or improve them. Mr. Rogers spread his tolerance message far and wide through the daily broadcasts of his television show, his many books, and finally after his retirement through his website specifically designed for children. Through these venues, Mr. Rogers helped children deal with the real- world things that bothered them, such as doctor visits, haircuts, and new siblings.
Fred Rogers left a legacy of kindness, acceptance, and an unending love of learning for all generations.
Why did Fred Rogers design and develop a television show for children?
- A. He wanted to do it for his own children.
- B. He wanted to help children deal with real-world problems.
- C. He wanted to spread cheer throughout his neighborhood.
- D. He wanted to become famous.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: He wanted to help children deal with real-world problems. Fred Rogers designed and developed a television show for children with the intention of providing them with a platform to address real-world issues and challenges they face. This is evident from the excerpt mentioning how he helped children deal with things like doctor visits, haircuts, and new siblings. The show aimed to offer guidance and support to children in navigating these experiences.
Choice A is incorrect because there is no mention in the text that he created the show for his own children specifically. Choice C is incorrect as the primary focus of the show was not just to spread cheer but to provide meaningful support and guidance to children. Choice D is incorrect as there is no indication that Fred Rogers' motivation was to become famous; rather, his focus was on helping children and spreading a message of kindness and acceptance.
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Over the last few decades, medical experts have changed their thinking on the health effects of some common foods and beverages. Higher-fat foods and some alcoholic beverages like red wine and beer, once viewed as top threats to a healthy lifestyle, are now seen by many as less harmful and even as having some health benefits. But there is perhaps no topic that the medical community has reversed its
thinking on more often than coffee. Since long before the advent of modern medicine, public opinion regarding the health effects of coffee has been diverse and ever-changing. Opinion on coffee's health effects can be traced back several centuries. In the 1600s, doctors in England touted coffee as a cure for alcoholism, but some women complained that coffee was making their husbands impotent. They may have been correct, as caffeine is a
diuretic and can irritate the prostate (dehydration and prostatitis can both lead to erectile dysfunction). In the late 1700s, coffeehouses began opening all over colonial America, where coffee was seen as a healthy stimulant that helped the colonists work longer hours. But by the early 1900s, public concern grew as coffee consumption was blamed for a variety of common ailments, such as nervousness, indigestion, and insomnia. In the 1970s, medical journals published studies that linked coffee consumption with high blood pressure and an increased risk of heart attacks. In 2001, a meta-study indicated that coffee was responsible for a 20% increase in risk for urinary tract cancer. But starting in 2007, to the surprise of many, meta-studies began to show positive health effects of coffee consumption. A 2007 study showed that coffee was viewed by many as "practically a health food." However, CNN also warned that given the long history of flip-flops on the health effects of coffee, medical and public opinion on coffee could easily turn negative again.
Which statement is supported by the passage?
- A. In the 2000s, studies showed negative health effects of coffee consumption.
- B. In the 1600s, some believed that coffee caused erectile dysfunction.
- C. In the late 1900s, public opinion on coffee shifted from positive to negative.
- D. In the 1800s, American colonists saw coffee as a healthy stimulant.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The passage discusses the changing opinions on the health effects of coffee over different time periods. It mentions that in the 1600s, some women complained that coffee was making their husbands impotent, which supports the idea of negative health effects. It also highlights that in the 2000s, studies showed positive health effects of coffee consumption, indicating a shift in thinking. Therefore, choice A is the statement supported by the passage, as it aligns with the information provided.
Health Care's Numbers Game: The game of health care is a risky one. Today emergency rooms are acting as primary care physicians for thousands of patients. This trend produces a vicious cycle of hospitals raising emergency room costs and passing that increase along to paying patients, who in turn pass it along to insurance companies, who in turn raise rates so even more people cannot afford the premium or the co-payment.
For years, indigent people have used emergency rooms for very minor illnesses rather than seeing an outside doctor, but now emergency rooms are seeing people with insurance, but who cannot afford the co-payment or the deductible for the office visit.
If we don't change the way the healthcare game is played, we're all going to lose.
In sentence three, the word premium means
- A. An amount to be paid for an insurance policy.
- B. Something highly valued or esteemed.
- C. An addition to ordinary wages; a bonus.
- D. A gift provided with a purchase
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: An amount to be paid for an insurance policy. In the context of the passage, the word "premium" refers to the cost that individuals pay for their insurance coverage. This is evident from the sentence mentioning "raising rates so even more people cannot afford the premium or the co-payment." Choice B, "Something highly valued or esteemed," is incorrect as it does not align with the context of discussing healthcare costs. Choice C, "An addition to ordinary wages; a bonus," is incorrect as it does not relate to insurance costs. Choice D, "A gift provided with a purchase," is also incorrect as it does not fit the context of discussing healthcare expenses. The definition of "premium" as an amount paid for an insurance policy is the most appropriate interpretation in this scenario.
The Water Cycle
Water is needed to sustain practically all life functions on planet Earth. A single drop of this compound is composed of an oxygen atom that shares its electrons with each of the two hydrogen atoms.
The cycle starts when precipitation, such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail, descends from the sky onto the ground. Water that is not absorbed immediately from the precipitation is known as runoff. The runoff flows across the land and collects in groundwater reservoirs, rivers, streams, and oceans.
Evaporation takes place when liquid water changes into water vapor, which is a gas. Water vapor returns to the air from surface water and plants.
Ultimately, condensation happens when this water vapor cools and changes back into droplets of liquid. In fact, the puffy, cotton clouds that we observe are formed by condensation. When the clouds become heavily laden with liquid droplets, precipitation ensues.
Knowing that the cooling of water vapor results in condensation, one could conclude that ______ is a factor in the evaporation process.
- A. Humidity
- B. Heat
- C. Electrons
- D. Runoff
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Heat. The process of evaporation involves the conversion of liquid water into water vapor, which requires heat energy to break the bonds between water molecules. When water vapor cools, it condenses back into liquid form. Therefore, the presence of heat is a crucial factor in the evaporation process, as it provides the energy needed for water molecules to escape into the air as vapor.
Lightning Strikes: The old wives' tale of "Lightning never strikes twice" has been proven untrue time and time again. Lightning forms from negative and positive charges within clouds and from the earth below. When these charges react with each other, the air between the cloud and the earth ionizes, which produces a lightning flash. Lightning is actually a series of multiple events consisting of a leader stroke of lightning, followed by as many as 40 smaller strokes of lightning. Being just split seconds apart, these strokes of lightning often reflect off the lining of the clouds.
Lightning rods that extend from above the roof to the ground protect buildings by forming a low resistance path for the lightning so that the lightning does not enter the building, but rather defuses as it penetrates the ground.
Some myths about lightning need to be explained. Lightning does strike tall buildings often, and during a particularly violent storm, a tall building may be hit by lightning several times. The safest place during a thunder and lightning storm is in a metal car or lying flat, face down, in the open, not under a tree as the myth suggests.
Many people believe that thunder and lightning are connected; however, this proves to be true only about 50% of the time, so if you're waiting for the clap of thunder, you're missing out on some exciting strokes of lightning!
Lightning causes injuries, deaths, and forest fires each year. However, some scientists reveal the positive aspects of lightning because it releases nitrogen into the atmosphere which the raindrops then deliver to earth to fertilize our soil.
When taking cover from lightning, you should
- A. go to the highest point in a tall building.
- B. stand in the doorway of a building.
- C. stand under a large tree with branches.
- D. get into a metal car or lie flat on the ground in the open.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: get into a metal car or lie flat on the ground in the open. When taking cover from lightning, it is crucial to minimize your risk of being struck. Getting into a metal car provides protection as the metal shell of the car acts as a Faraday cage, directing the lightning around the vehicle and into the ground. Lying flat on the ground reduces your height and minimizes the risk of a direct strike. It is important to avoid standing in open areas, such as under a tree, as trees can attract lightning strikes. Standing in the doorway of a building is also unsafe as lightning can travel through conductive materials like metal door frames. Going to the highest point in a tall building is dangerous as tall structures are more likely to be struck by lightning. Therefore, the safest options are to get into a metal car or lie flat on the ground in the open to reduce the risk of being struck by lightning.
The ebb and flow of laughter and silence fills the room as four old friends gather to engage in a
round of Bridge playing. For the beginner, Bridge can be complicated, but with time, effort, and a good teacher, even the novice can become proficient. Composed of two main parts, bidding and playing, Bridge requires the player's undivided attention. The dealer deals the entire deck of playing cards evenly between the for players, with
each person receiving thirteen cards. In the bidding portion of the game, the four suits of cards in the deck are ranked highest to lowest as follows: spades, hearts, diamonds, and finally clubs. However, during play all the suits of cards are
considered equals, and they go from highest to lowest from the ace being high to the two cards
being low. The highest number of tricks wins. A trick is one card played by each player for a
total of four. After the lead player lays down his/her card, the other players follow suit, if
possible. The highest card within the four "same suit" cards played wins the trick and picks up all
four cards. If a player cannot follow suit, he/she plays any card, but to make the game more
interesting and challenging, one suit is named a trump suit which means that if a player plays a
card from the trump suit, it always wins the trick. If two cards from the trump suit are played, the
highest card within the trump suit wins the trick. Obviously, the team with the most tricks wins
the hand.
The passage implies that
- A. Playing bridge requires concentration.
- B. Bridge is an extremely easy game to play.
- C. Bridge is only for older people.
- D. Bridge is only for women.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Playing bridge requires concentration.' The passage mentions that Bridge requires the player's undivided attention, indicating that concentration is necessary to play the game effectively. The intricate details provided about the rules and gameplay of Bridge emphasize the need for focus and mental engagement. While the passage does not suggest that Bridge is easy or exclusively for older people or women, it highlights the complexity and attention required to excel in the game.