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Why is it important to consider intracranial hemorrhage when a patient presents with epistaxis?
- A. It indicates a possible allergic reaction.
- B. It may suggest a more serious underlying condition.
- C. It is a common cause of nasal congestion.
- D. It usually resolves without treatment.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Epistaxis can be a symptom of intracranial hemorrhage, especially if the bleeding is sudden or severe.
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A Hispanic woman who is 26 weeks pregnant states that she recently began eating ice chips between meals.
- A. Have the patient checked for diabetes
- B. Assess the patient for iron deficiency anemia
- C. Encourage the patient to eat more at meal times
- D. Tell the patient that this cultural practice can be harmful
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Craving ice chips (pica) can be a sign of iron deficiency anemia.
A common pathological finding in a patient with asthma is:
- A. Necrosis of small airways
- B. Absence of goblet cells
- C. Absence of ciliary regeneration
- D. Hypertrophy of smooth muscle
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Asthma is characterized by smooth muscle hypertrophy, airway remodeling, and inflammation.
A 70-year-old man walks 20 minutes most days of the week. He has begun to complain of pain in his left calf when he is walking. The problem has gotten gradually worse and now he is unable to complete his 20-minute walks without stopping to rest. What choice best describes the pain associated with peripheral artery disease?
- A. A sharp, stabbing pain
- B. A dull pain and cramp
- C. An electric shock
- D. A pulsating pain
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Claudication pain due to peripheral artery disease is typically dull and cramp-like during exercise.
The nurse is teaching a client with osteoarthritis how to manage pain. Which of the following interventions would be most helpful?
- A. Use heat pads for 30 minutes on painful joints.
- B. Perform joint exercises only when pain is absent.
- C. Avoid using joint protection devices.
- D. Rely solely on pharmacological interventions.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Heat therapy can help relieve pain and stiffness in osteoarthritis by promoting blood circulation and reducing muscle spasms.
Headaches with symptoms of nausea and vomiting may be associated with all of the following, EXCEPT:
- A. Migraine headache
- B. Brain tumors
- C. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
- D. Tension headache
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tension headaches typically do not present with nausea and vomiting.