Nokea
You are caring for a patient with a history of chronic angina. The patient tells you that after breakfast he usually takes a shower and shaves. It is at this time, the patient says, that he tends to experience chest pain. What might you counsel the patient to do to decrease the likelihood of angina in the morning?
- A. Shower in the evening and shave before breakfast.
- B. Skip breakfast and eat an early lunch.
- C. Take a nitro tab prior to breakfast.
- D. Shower once a week and shave before breakfast.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: If the nurse determines that one of the situations most likely to precipitate angina is to shower and shave after breakfast, the nurse might counsel the patient to break these activities into different times during the day. Skipping breakfast and eating an early lunch would not decrease the likelihood of angina in the morning. Taking a nitro tablet before breakfast is inappropriate because the event requiring the medication has not yet occurred. Also, suggesting that the patient shower once a week and shave prior to breakfast is an incorrect suggestion because showering and shaving can both be done every day if they are spread out over the course of the day.
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A patient tells the nurse that her doctor just told her that her new diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis is considered to be a chronic condition. She asks the nurse what chronic condition means. What would be the nurses best response?
- A. Chronic conditions are defined as health problems that require management of several months or longer.
- B. Chronic conditions are diseases that come and go in a relatively predictable cycle.
- C. Chronic conditions are medical conditions that culminate in disabilities that require hospitalization.
- D. Chronic conditions are those that require short-term management in extended-care facilities.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chronic conditions are often defined as medical conditions or health problems with associated symptoms or disabilities that require long-term management (3 months or longer). Chronic diseases are usually managed in the home environment. They are not always cyclical or predictable.
A patient with a spinal cord injury is being assessed by the nurse prior to his discharge home from the rehabilitation facility. The nurse is planning care through the lens of the interface model of disability. Within this model, the nurse will plan care based on what belief?
- A. The patient has the potential to function effectively despite his disability.
- B. The patients disabling condition does not have to affect his lifestyle.
- C. The patient will not require care from professional caregivers in the home setting.
- D. The patients disability is the most salient aspect of his personal identity.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The interface model does not ignore the disabling condition or its disabling effects; instead, it promotes the view that people with disabilities are capable, responsible people who are able to function effectively despite having a disability. This does not mean that the patient will not require care, however, or that it will not affect his lifestyle. The persons disability is not his identity.
In your role as a school nurse, you are presenting at a high school health fair and are promoting the benefits of maintaining a healthy body weight. You should refer to reductions in the risks of what diseases? Select all that apply.
- A. Heart disease
- B. Stroke
- C. Cancer
- D. Diabetes
- E. Hypertension
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: The increasing prevalence of obesity has increased the incidence of heart disease, strokes, diabetes, and hypertension. Obesity is not usually cited as a major risk factor for most types of cancer.
A community health nurse has drafted a program that will address the health promotion needs of members of the community who live with one or more disabilities. Which of the following areas of health promotion education is known to be neglected among adults with disabilities?
- A. Blood pressure screening
- B. Diabetes testing
- C. Nutrition
- D. Sexual health
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Health promotion interventions addressing sexual health in disabled individuals are necessary but rare. Blood pressure testing, diabetes testing, and nutrition are not known to constitute such a gap in health promotion teaching.
A major cause of health-related problems is the increase in the incidence of chronic conditions. This is the case not only in developed countries like the United States but also in developing countries. What factor has contributed to the increased incidence of chronic diseases in developing countries?
- A. Developing countries are experiencing an increase in average life span.
- B. Increasing amounts of health research are taking place in developing countries.
- C. Developing countries lack the health infrastructure to manage illness.
- D. Developing countries are simultaneously coping with emerging infectious diseases.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chronic conditions have become the major cause of health-related problems in developed countries as well as in the developing countries, which are also trying to cope with new and emerging infectious diseases. There is indeed a lack of health infrastructure in many countries, but this is not cited as the cause of the increased incidence of chronic diseases. In many countries, increased life span and health research are not occurring.