Nokea
Your patient reports having severe pain at an 8 on a scale of 0 to 10. You notice that her vital signs are all within normal range. Which of the following statements accurately explains the normal vital signs?
- A. The patient is not really hurting if the blood pressure and pulse are not elevated.
- B. Acute pain does not generally elevate the vital signs.
- C. The body learns to adapt to chronic pain and therefore does not elevate the vital signs.
- D. The patient is having nociceptor pain, which does not affect the vital signs.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic pain, unlike acute pain, often does not elevate vital signs as the body adapts over time, explaining the normal vital signs in this scenario.
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Your 98-year-old patient has severe diabetes and, as a result of complications, had his left leg amputated above the knee several months ago. He is confused and combative. When he reports to you that his left foot hurts, you know that this is known as
- A. Radiating pain
- B. Nonexistent pain
- C. Phantom limb pain
- D. Intractable pain
- E. Chronic pain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Phantom limb pain is the sensation of pain in a limb that has been amputated, as experienced by the patient in this scenario.
Fill in the blank. A condition that causes uncontrollable, recurrent daytime episodes of sleepiness that can hinder driving and operating dangerous equipment is called
- A. narcolepsy
- B. insomnia
- C. sleep apnea
- D. restless legs syndrome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder causing sudden, uncontrollable sleep episodes during the day, posing risks during activities like driving.
Briefly describe how various aspects of lifestyle, environmental factors, and stress can affect sleep and rest.
- A. Poor lifestyle choices, noisy environments, and high stress disrupt sleep; healthy habits, quiet settings, and stress management promote rest.
- B. Caffeine intake, bright lights, and anxiety improve sleep quality.
- C. Irregular sleep schedules and comfortable bedding have no impact on rest.
- D. Stress has no effect on sleep; only physical activity matters.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lifestyle factors like poor diet or irregular schedules, environmental factors like noise or light, and stress can disrupt sleep by increasing arousal or discomfort, while healthy habits and calm environments promote restorative sleep.
Which medication would you administer for a patient with decreased level of consciousness and respiratory rate of 8?
- A. Morphine
- B. Narcan
- C. Naproxen
- D. Dilaudid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Narcan (naloxone) is used to reverse opioid overdose, which can cause decreased consciousness and low respiratory rate, as seen in this patient.
Fill in the blank. Grinding of teeth during sleep is termed
- A. bruxism
- B. sleep apnea
- C. insomnia
- D. narcolepsy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bruxism is the medical term for grinding teeth during sleep, which can cause dental and jaw issues.