Nokea
Fill in the blank. Certain pain receptors are randomly dispersed throughout the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and muscular tissue. These nerve pain receptors can be stimulated by temperature changes, tissue damage, and certain chemicals. These receptors are known as
- A. nociceptors
- B. thermoreceptors
- C. mechanoreceptors
- D. chemoreceptors
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nociceptors are pain receptors in the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and muscles that respond to stimuli like temperature changes, tissue damage, and chemicals.
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Fill in the blank. The term for chronic inability to fall asleep or stay asleep is
- A. insomnia
- B. narcolepsy
- C. sleep apnea
- D. bruxism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insomnia refers to the chronic difficulty in falling or staying asleep, leading to poor sleep quality.
An individual's thoughts and emotions are also believed to affect the opening and closing of the gate by stimulating production of
- A. Prostaglandins
- B. Endorphins
- C. Substance P
- D. Opioids
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Endorphins, produced in response to positive thoughts and emotions, can close the pain gate, reducing pain perception, per the gate control theory.
Fill in the blank. The view of a patient's pain that includes mental, social, physical, and spiritual aspects as parts of the integrated whole being is known as
- A. holistic pain
- B. acute pain
- C. chronic pain
- D. nociceptive pain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Holistic pain considers the mental, social, physical, and spiritual aspects of a patient's pain as an integrated whole, as described in nursing texts.
Fill in the blank. The second chemical that stimulates the pain receptors in Question 13 is
- A. substance P
- B. histamine
- C. dopamine
- D. norepinephrine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Substance P is another chemical released during tissue damage that activates nociceptors, enhancing pain perception.
Your patient seems to be having a lot more postoperative pain today than he did yesterday, whichsurprises you because he has been progressing so well since his surgery 4 days ago. As you are critically thinking about factors that can increase pain, you identify data that could explain why he is having an increase in pain today. Which of the following pieces of data might provide you with this understanding?
- A. His wife, who is a strong part of his support system, was here to visit this morning for several hours.
- B. In the report, the night nurse noted that he slept only a couple of hours last night.
- C. His medical chart indicates that he is from a culture in which some with traditional views feel that pain should be suffered in silence.
- D. Earlier this morning, the patient's wife mentioned that the patient is really missing their oldest daughter, who was unable to come for the surgery because she lives in Europe.
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Lack of sleep (B) can lower pain tolerance, increasing perceived pain. Emotional distress, such as missing a loved one (D), can also heighten pain perception. A supportive visit (A) and cultural beliefs (C) are less likely to directly cause an increase in pain.