Nokea
Your 98-year-old patient has severe diabetes and, as a result of complications, had his left leg amputated above the knee several months ago. He is confused and combative. When he reports to you that his left foot hurts, you know that this is known as
- A. Radiating pain
- B. Nonexistent pain
- C. Phantom limb pain
- D. Intractable pain
- E. Chronic pain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Phantom limb pain is the sensation of pain in a limb that has been amputated, as experienced by the patient in this scenario.
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Fill in the blank. The intolerable crawling sensation in the legs that results in an irresistible urge to move legs is known as
- A. restless legs syndrome
- B. sleep apnea
- C. bruxism
- D. narcolepsy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Restless legs syndrome causes an uncomfortable crawling sensation in the legs, leading to an urge to move them, often disrupting sleep.
Fill in the blank. The natural body chemicals produced by the brain in response to pleasant thoughts or feelings, exercise, laughter, sex, and massage and that act similarly to morphine and produce feelings of euphoria, well-being, and pleasure are known as
- A. endorphins
- B. prostaglandins
- C. substance P
- D. dopamine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Endorphins are natural chemicals produced by the brain that act like morphine, reducing pain and promoting feelings of euphoria and well-being.
Which of the following statements is(are) thought to accurately describe the gate control theory?
- A. Transmission of pain impulses to the central nervous system is controlled by a gate that is opened and closed by sensory stimulus.
- B. Stimulation of the broad nerve fibers by heat, cold, massage, and exercise is thought to open the gate, allowing pain impulses to be transmitted.
- C. Stimulation of the smaller, narrow nerve fibers by injury and damage to the tissues is thought to open the gate, allowing pain impulses to be transmitted.
- D. It is thought that the thalamus can open the gate when stress and anxiety increase and close the gate when stress and anxiety decrease.
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: The gate control theory posits that pain transmission is modulated by a 'gate' in the spinal cord. Stimulation of smaller nerve fibers (e.g., by injury) opens the gate, allowing pain signals to pass (C). Sensory stimuli like massage close the gate, blocking pain (A is correct, but B is incorrect as broad nerve fiber stimulation closes, not opens, the gate). The thalamus is not directly involved in gate control (D is incorrect).
Common aspirin has more than one classification and is used for different problems. Which of the following is(are) not a classification of aspirin?
- A. Antipyretic
- B. Analgesic
- C. Antihistamine
- D. Antiplatelet
- E. Anti-inflammatory
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Aspirin is classified as an antipyretic, analgesic, antiplatelet, and anti-inflammatory drug, but not as an antihistamine.
Fill in the blank. That rest that allows an individual to awaken feeling rested, refreshed, rejuvenated, energized, and ready to meet new challenges is
- A. restorative sleep
- B. non-REM sleep
- C. REM sleep
- D. light sleep
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Restorative sleep is the type of rest that leaves an individual feeling refreshed, rejuvenated, and energized upon waking.