Nokea
Which of the following are not classified as controlled substance drugs?
- A. Naproxen
- B. Meperidine
- C. Dilaudid
- D. Morphine
- E. Fentanyl
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Naproxen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and not a controlled substance, unlike the opioids meperidine, Dilaudid, morphine, and fentanyl.
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Acetaminophen is a common over-the-counter medication used by most individuals. What is the maximum dose limit for an adult?
- A. Four 250-milligram tablets per 24 hours
- B. Two 500-milligram tablets every 4 hours
- C. 1,000 milligrams every 3 to 4 hours, for a maximum of 8,000 milligrams per 24 hours
- D. 4,000 milligrams per 24 hours
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The maximum adult dose of acetaminophen is 4,000 mg per 24 hours to avoid liver toxicity.
You have medicated a female patient for severe pain and are waiting for the medication to take effect. In an effort to relieve her discomfort, you decide to try an additional nonpharmacological intervention. After explaining what you are about to do, you begin to verbally direct the patient to focus her conscious mind on the sequential tightening and relaxing of her muscles, beginning at her head and working toward her feet. What is the medical term for this intervention? How does it work?
- A. Progressive muscle relaxation; it reduces muscle tension and promotes relaxation, which can decrease pain perception.
- B. Guided imagery; it distracts the mind from pain by focusing on calming images.
- C. Effleurage; it involves gentle stroking to soothe the skin and reduce pain.
- D. Biofeedback; it uses monitoring to control physiological responses.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Progressive muscle relaxation involves sequentially tensing and relaxing muscles to reduce tension and pain perception by promoting physical and mental relaxation.
Which medication would you administer for a patient with decreased level of consciousness and respiratory rate of 8?
- A. Morphine
- B. Narcan
- C. Naproxen
- D. Dilaudid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Narcan (naloxone) is used to reverse opioid overdose, which can cause decreased consciousness and low respiratory rate, as seen in this patient.
Fill in the blank. Confusion and disorientation in elderly patients that occur in the evening hours is commonly known as
- A. sundowning
- B. insomnia
- C. delirium
- D. narcolepsy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sundowning is the term for confusion and disorientation in elderly patients that worsens in the evening or at night.
Fill in the blank. The term for chronic inability to fall asleep or stay asleep is
- A. insomnia
- B. narcolepsy
- C. sleep apnea
- D. bruxism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insomnia refers to the chronic difficulty in falling or staying asleep, leading to poor sleep quality.