Nokea
An 89-year-old female patient is admitted for right lower knee surgery. Prior to giving her IV morphine for pain management, the nurse will assess
- A. Respiratory rate
- B. Temperature
- C. Elevation of head of bed
- D. Dysphagia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Respiratory rate must be assessed before administering morphine, as it can cause respiratory depression, especially in elderly patients.
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You have medicated a female patient for severe pain and are waiting for the medication to take effect. In an effort to relieve her discomfort, you decide to try an additional nonpharmacological intervention. After explaining what you are about to do, you begin to verbally direct the patient to focus her conscious mind on the sequential tightening and relaxing of her muscles, beginning at her head and working toward her feet. What is the medical term for this intervention? How does it work?
- A. Progressive muscle relaxation; it reduces muscle tension and promotes relaxation, which can decrease pain perception.
- B. Guided imagery; it distracts the mind from pain by focusing on calming images.
- C. Effleurage; it involves gentle stroking to soothe the skin and reduce pain.
- D. Biofeedback; it uses monitoring to control physiological responses.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Progressive muscle relaxation involves sequentially tensing and relaxing muscles to reduce tension and pain perception by promoting physical and mental relaxation.
Fill in the blank. Grinding of teeth during sleep is termed
- A. bruxism
- B. sleep apnea
- C. insomnia
- D. narcolepsy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bruxism is the medical term for grinding teeth during sleep, which can cause dental and jaw issues.
Which of the following drugs are not classified as over the counter?
- A. Ibuprofen
- B. Aspirin
- C. Acetaminophen
- D. Codeine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Codeine is a prescription opioid, not an over-the-counter drug, unlike ibuprofen, aspirin, and acetaminophen.
Fill in the blank. Repetitive gentle, gliding stroking of your fingertips over the surface of the skin for the purpose of pain relief is called
- A. effleurage
- B. acupressure
- C. massage
- D. reflexology
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Effleurage is a technique involving gentle, gliding strokes over the skin to promote relaxation and pain relief.
Describe how the following nonpharmacological methods work to reduce mild pain or to use as an adjuvant (along with pain medication) for more severe pain: guided imagery, effleurage, and a TENS.
- A. Guided imagery distracts from pain via mental focus on calming images; effleurage soothes with gentle strokes; TENS blocks pain signals with electrical stimulation.
- B. Heat therapy reduces muscle tension; acupuncture balances energy; massage increases blood flow.
- C. Biofeedback controls physiological responses; cold therapy numbs pain; reflexology targets pressure points.
- D. Meditation reduces stress; exercise strengthens muscles; hypnosis alters pain perception.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Guided imagery uses visualization to distract from pain, effleurage promotes relaxation through gentle skin stroking, and TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) delivers electrical impulses to block pain signals.