Nokea
Which statement with regard to reproductive anatomy and physiology is inaccurate?
- A. Female patients who are past puberty and sexually active can become pregnant
- C. Puberty symptoms are more prominent in males than females.
- D. Females enter puberty earlier than their male counterparts.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Puberty symptoms are actually more prominent in females than males due to the complex hormonal changes leading to the development of secondary sexual characteristics. This is because the female reproductive system is more intricate and involves a more gradual and prolonged process compared to males. Choice A is true as sexually active females can indeed become pregnant. Choice D is also accurate as females generally enter puberty earlier than males.
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The nurse is explaining the function of the male’s cremaster muscle to a group of nursing students. Which statement accurately describes the function of the cremaster muscle?
- A. Assists with transporting sperm
- B. Aids in temperature control of the testicles
- C. Aids in voluntary control of excretion of urine
- D. Entraps blood in the penis to produce an erection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Aids in temperature control of the testicles. The cremaster muscle contracts in response to cold temperatures to pull the testicles closer to the body for warmth, and relaxes in warm temperatures to move the testicles away for cooling. This mechanism helps regulate the temperature required for optimal sperm production.
Explanation of why the other choices are incorrect:
A: The cremaster muscle is not directly involved in transporting sperm.
C: The cremaster muscle is not related to the control of urine excretion.
D: The cremaster muscle does not play a role in trapping blood in the penis for an erection.
The follicular phase of the menstrual cycle is the same as the:
- A. Ovulatory phase
- B. Menstrual period
- C. Postmenstrual phase
- D. Postovulatory phase
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The follicular phase is also known as the postmenstrual phase.
Fertilization of an ovum most often occurs in the:
- A. Ovary
- B. Fallopian tube
- C. Uterus
- D. Vagina
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tube, specifically in the ampulla region.
Which statement regarding primary dysmenorrhea is most accurate?
- A. Primary dysmenorrhea is experienced by all women.
- B. It is unaffected by oral contraceptives.
- C. It occurs in young multiparous women.
- D. It may be caused by excessive endometrial prostaglandin.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because primary dysmenorrhea is often caused by excessive endometrial prostaglandin production, leading to increased uterine contractions and pain. This is supported by research and clinical evidence.
A: Incorrect. Not all women experience primary dysmenorrhea; it varies in prevalence.
B: Incorrect. Oral contraceptives can help manage dysmenorrhea by reducing prostaglandin production.
C: Incorrect. Primary dysmenorrhea is more common in nulliparous women, not multiparous women.
In summary, D is correct due to the established link between excessive prostaglandin and primary dysmenorrhea, while the other choices are inaccurate based on current knowledge and research.
Arrange the steps of the female menstrual cycle in the correct order of occurrence.
- A. Menstrual phase
- B. Premenstrual phase
- C. Secretory phase
- D. Proliferative phase
Correct Answer: A,D,C,B
Rationale: The correct order of the female menstrual cycle is: A (Menstrual phase) -> D (Proliferative phase) -> C (Secretory phase) -> B (Premenstrual phase).
1. Menstrual phase (A) involves shedding of the uterine lining.
2. Proliferative phase (D) follows, where the lining thickens in preparation for implantation.
3. Secretory phase (C) occurs next, characterized by further thickening and vascularization of the endometrium.
4. Finally, premenstrual phase (B) occurs, leading to the shedding of the uterine lining if fertilization does not occur.
Other choices are incorrect because they do not follow the chronological sequence of events in the menstrual cycle.