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During a fertility evaluation, a patient learns about ovarian stimulation. What does this involve?
- A. Suppressing ovulation to regulate menstrual cycles.
- B. Using medications to increase the number of mature eggs produced.
- C. Monitoring hormone levels without medication.
- D. Performing surgery to retrieve eggs directly from the ovaries.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because ovarian stimulation involves using medications to increase the number of mature eggs produced. This process is commonly used in fertility treatments like in vitro fertilization (IVF) to enhance the chances of successful fertilization. By stimulating the ovaries, multiple eggs can be retrieved, increasing the likelihood of successful conception.
Choice A is incorrect because suppressing ovulation is not the goal of ovarian stimulation; it is the opposite, to promote egg production. Choice C is incorrect as monitoring hormone levels alone does not involve the use of medications to stimulate egg production. Choice D is incorrect because surgery to retrieve eggs directly from the ovaries is a different procedure known as egg retrieval, not ovarian stimulation.
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A nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of preconception education. Which statement by the client indicates that additional education is needed?
- A. I know smoking is harmful in pregnancy, so I plan to quit soon. My husband has agreed to avoid smoking in my presence.
- B. I have started taking a daily prenatal vitamin with folic acid.
- C. My husband bought a small desk for his laptop computer.
- D. We plan to avoid the use of chemicals in our garden this year.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the statement about the husband buying a small desk for his laptop computer is irrelevant to preconception education. The focus of preconception education is on optimizing health before pregnancy, such as quitting smoking, taking prenatal vitamins, and avoiding harmful chemicals. The other choices (A, B, and D) all demonstrate an understanding of preconception health needs. Choice A shows awareness of the risks of smoking in pregnancy and a plan to quit. Choice B indicates the initiation of prenatal vitamin intake, particularly folic acid, which is crucial for preventing birth defects. Choice D highlights a proactive approach to environmental health by planning to avoid harmful chemicals in the garden.
A client has been notified that because of fallopian tube obstruction, her best option for becoming pregnant is through in vitro fertilization. The client asks the nurse about the procedure. Which of the following responses is correct?
- A. During the stimulation phase of the procedure
- B. the physician will make sure that only one egg reaches maturation.
- C. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis will be performed on your partner's sperm before they are mixed with your eggs.
- D. After ovarian stimulation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Extra embryos can be cryopreserved for future use.
A patient undergoing fertility treatments asks about the role of luteinizing hormone (LH). What should the nurse explain?
- A. LH stimulates the growth of the uterine lining.
- B. LH triggers ovulation by causing the release of a mature egg from the ovary.
- C. LH suppresses follicle development in the early cycle.
- D. LH is only important during pregnancy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because LH triggers ovulation by causing the release of a mature egg from the ovary. LH surge occurs around mid-cycle, stimulating the mature follicle to rupture and release the egg. This is crucial for fertility and conception.
A is incorrect because LH does not stimulate the growth of the uterine lining; that is primarily regulated by estrogen and progesterone.
C is incorrect because LH actually promotes follicle development and maturation.
D is incorrect because LH is important for ovulation and not just during pregnancy.
A nurse is teaching about sperm freezing for fertility preservation. What should be included in the education?
- A. Sperm freezing is only effective for men over 40 years old.
- B. Frozen sperm can be stored indefinitely with proper conditions.
- C. Sperm quality improves after freezing and thawing.
- D. Frozen sperm must be used within one year.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because frozen sperm can indeed be stored indefinitely with proper conditions such as constant low temperatures. This allows men to preserve their fertility for an extended period. Choice A is incorrect as sperm freezing is effective for men of all ages, not just those over 40. Choice C is incorrect because sperm quality may decline slightly after freezing and thawing. Choice D is incorrect as properly stored frozen sperm can maintain viability for many years, not just within one year.
A nurse is counseling a couple about genetic testing options. What should the nurse include in the discussion?
- A. Genetic testing is only available for known hereditary conditions.
- B. Preimplantation genetic testing is performed after embryo transfer.
- C. Genetic counseling is recommended for couples with a history of genetic disorders.
- D. Genetic testing cannot determine the risk of inherited infertility.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because genetic counseling is crucial for couples with a history of genetic disorders to assess risks and make informed decisions. It helps in understanding inheritance patterns, potential risks to offspring, and available testing options. Choice A is incorrect as genetic testing is not limited to known hereditary conditions. Choice B is incorrect as preimplantation genetic testing is done before embryo transfer. Choice D is incorrect as genetic testing can indeed assess the risk of inherited infertility through various genetic tests.