Quizlet Genitourinary System

Quizlet Genitourinary System Related

Review Quizlet Genitourinary System related questions and content

Which of the following fungicidal drug that acts by inhibiting fungal squalene epoxidase enzyme and is the drug of choice for onychomycosis of the toe nails in 56 year old woman with diabetes?

  • A. Griseofulvin
  • B. Terbinafine
  • C. Itraconazole
  • D. Amphotericin B
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Terbinafine is a fungicidal drug that inhibits fungal squalene epoxidase enzyme, disrupting fungal cell membrane synthesis.
Step 2: Onychomycosis of toenails is a common fungal infection that terbinafine is specifically effective against.
Step 3: The patient being a 56-year-old woman with diabetes may require a drug with good efficacy and safety profile, making terbinafine an appropriate choice.
Step 4: Griseofulvin (A) works by disrupting microtubule function, not inhibiting squalene epoxidase. Itraconazole (C) is an azole antifungal that inhibits ergosterol synthesis, not squalene epoxidase. Amphotericin B (D) is a polyene antifungal used for systemic mycoses, not onychomycosis.

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In the process of renal autoregulation,

  • A. the loop of Henle reabsorbs more sodium and chloride ions
  • B. the collecting tubule reabsorbs less water
  • C. the afferent arterioles dilate, increasing glomerular filtration rate
  • D. the efferent arterioles dilate, allowing blood to flow through the kidney faster
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice B being correct:
1. Renal autoregulation maintains a constant glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
2. If the collecting tubule reabsorbs less water, it helps regulate the body's fluid balance.
3. Reabsorbing less water in the collecting tubule helps prevent excessive fluid loss or retention.
4. This process ensures that the body maintains appropriate blood volume and blood pressure.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
A: Loop of Henle reabsorbs ions, not more sodium and chloride ions.
C: Afferent arterioles constrict to decrease GFR, not dilate to increase it.
D: Efferent arterioles constrict to maintain GFR, not dilate to allow faster blood flow.

A 25 year old patient is diagnosed with genital herpes simplex virus infection. * Which of the following drug would be most appropriate to prescribe in treating this patient's illness?

  • A. Zanamivir
  • B. Lamivudine
  • C. Valacyclovir
  • D. Cidofovir
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Valacyclovir. Valacyclovir is an antiviral medication commonly used to treat herpes simplex virus infections. It is a prodrug of acyclovir, which inhibits viral DNA replication. Zanamivir (A) is used to treat influenza viruses, not herpes. Lamivudine (B) is used for HIV and hepatitis B, not herpes. Cidofovir (D) is used for cytomegalovirus and other viral infections, but not the first line for herpes. Valacyclovir is the most appropriate choice due to its effectiveness and safety profile in treating herpes simplex virus infections.

A patient is being treated with furosemide and Digoxin because of CHF. She developed UTI. Which of the following antibiotics should NOT be prescribed?

  • A. Cotrimoxazole
  • B. Ciprofloxacin
  • C. Gentamycin
  • D. Ampicillin
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gentamycin. Gentamycin is known to have potential nephrotoxicity, which can exacerbate renal dysfunction caused by furosemide. It should be avoided in patients with CHF and UTI. Cotrimoxazole (A) can be used with caution, Ciprofloxacin (B) is generally safe, and Ampicillin (D) is a suitable choice for UTI treatment in this scenario.

Imipenem has the broadest spectrum of activity currently available to beta-lactams. This include antimicrobial activity against the following organisms EXCEPT:

  • A. Staphylococcus aureus
  • B. Staphylococcus epidermidis
  • C. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • D. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Imipenem, a carbapenem antibiotic, has broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, anaerobic, and some atypical bacteria. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an atypical bacteria lacking a cell wall, making it resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics like imipenem. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are all susceptible to imipenem due to their cell wall composition.

________ is not normally found in urine, and its presence may indicate a problem with the kidneys.

  • A. Albumin
  • B. Bilirubin
  • C. Ammonium
  • D. Urea
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Albumin. Albumin is a protein normally found in blood but not in urine. Its presence in urine, known as proteinuria, may indicate a problem with the kidneys such as kidney damage or dysfunction in filtering blood. Bilirubin (B) is a product of red blood cell breakdown and its presence in urine indicates liver or bile duct issues. Ammonium (C) is a normal byproduct of protein metabolism and is excreted in urine. Urea (D) is a waste product of protein metabolism and is normally found in urine.

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