Questions on the Respiratory System

Questions on the Respiratory System Related

Review Questions on the Respiratory System related questions and content

A male client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is recovering from a myocardial infarction. Because the client is extremely weak and can't produce an effective cough, the nurse should monitor closely for:

  • A. Pleural effusion
  • B. Pulmonary edema
  • C. Atelectasis
  • D. Oxygen toxicity
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Atelectasis. In a client with COPD recovering from a myocardial infarction, the weakened state and ineffective cough can lead to the collapse of alveoli, causing atelectasis. This condition can further impair gas exchange and oxygenation, leading to respiratory distress. Monitoring for atelectasis is crucial to prevent complications. Pleural effusion (A) and pulmonary edema (B) are not directly related to the client's condition and symptoms. Oxygen toxicity (D) is a potential concern with high oxygen therapy but is not the most immediate risk for this client scenario.

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What is the term used to describe the fluid buildup in the lungs often seen in heart failure patients?

  • A. Ascites
  • B. Edema
  • C. Pleurisy
  • D. Effusion
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Edema. In heart failure patients, fluid buildup in the lungs is known as pulmonary edema. This occurs due to the heart's inability to pump effectively, leading to fluid leaking into the lungs' air sacs. Ascites (A) is fluid buildup in the abdomen, not the lungs. Pleurisy (C) is inflammation of the lining around the lungs, not fluid buildup. Effusion (D) refers to fluid accumulation in body cavities like the chest or abdomen, but it is not specific to the lungs like pulmonary edema.

During a health promotion program, why should the nurse plan to target women in a discussion of lung cancer prevention?

  • A. Women develop lung cancer at a younger age than men.
  • B. More women die of lung cancer than die from breast cancer.
  • C. Women have a worse prognosis from lung cancer than do men.
  • D. Women are more likely to develop small cell carcinoma than men.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Since the statement "Women are more likely to develop small cell carcinoma than men" is not a valid reason for targeting women in a discussion of lung cancer prevention, it becomes the correct answer in this context.

Which assessment information will you need to communicate to the physician?

  • A. The client says she has not been to the lab to have an aPTT done.
  • B. The right calf is warm to touch and is larger than the left calf.
  • C. The client is unable to remember her husband's name.
  • D. There are multiple ecchymotic areas on the client's arms.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Swelling and warmth in the right calf suggest worsening DVT, warranting immediate physician notification. Missing lab tests (A), cognitive issues (C), and bruising (D) are less urgent.

The Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium lining the trachea is composed of

  • A. Goblet cells
  • B. Macrophages
  • C. Fibroblast
  • D. All these
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Goblet cells. Goblet cells are responsible for secreting mucus in the respiratory tract, aiding in trapping and removing foreign particles. This is crucial for protecting the lungs from debris and pathogens. Macrophages are immune cells that engulf and digest pathogens, not a component of the epithelium. Fibroblasts are connective tissue cells, not part of the epithelial lining. Therefore, the correct answer is A.

Which of the following is a sign or symptom characteristic of the later stages of TB?

  • A. Fatigue
  • B. Hemoptysis
  • C. Anorexia
  • D. Weight loss
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Hemoptysis (coughing up blood) is a hallmark sign of advanced TB. A (fatigue), C (anorexia), and D (weight loss) are earlier or nonspecific symptoms.

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