Nokea
Which of the following statements is most correct? Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement:
- A. Occurs after transcription of an immunoglobulin gene
- B. Creates a complete V exon in the germline DNA
- C. Creates a complete V exon in the B cell DNA
- D. Both A and B are correct
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because immunoglobulin gene rearrangement creates a complete V exon in the B cell DNA. This process happens during B cell development, where segments of V, D, and J gene regions are rearranged to form a functional immunoglobulin gene. This rearrangement occurs before transcription, so option A is incorrect. Option B is incorrect because the V exon is not complete in the germline DNA, but rather created through rearrangement in the B cell DNA. Option D is incorrect as it combines two incorrect statements.
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In order to grow, all microorganisms require:
- A. liquid water
- B. organic substances
- C. oxygen
- D. warm temperatures
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: liquid water. Water is essential for all cellular functions, including metabolism and nutrient transport. Without water, microorganisms cannot grow or survive. Organic substances (choice B) are important as a nutrient source, but water is indispensable for growth. While oxygen (choice C) and warm temperatures (choice D) can enhance growth for some microorganisms, they are not universally required for all microorganisms to grow.
When assessing a client with autoimmune disorder,what signs should the nurse look for in the client?
- A. Hypotension
- B. Localized inflammation
- C. Hives or rashes
- D. Cramping and vomiting
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Localized inflammation is a common sign of autoimmune disorders,as the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues.
Which of the following statements is incorrect about allergic reactions?
- A. They always require a sensitization step during which specific IgE are secreted
- B. Allergens causing hay fever are usually inhaled
- C. Food allergy can cause hives
- D. The current guidelines for preventing peanut allergy in infants is complete avoidance of peanuts and peanut-related products until at least six months of age
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because current guidelines actually recommend early introduction of peanuts to prevent peanut allergies, not complete avoidance. This is based on research showing early introduction can reduce the risk of developing peanut allergies. Choice A is correct as sensitization is a key step in allergic reactions. Choice B is correct as inhaled allergens can cause hay fever. Choice C is correct as food allergies can indeed manifest as hives.
In a client with AIDS,a CD4 cell count above ______ mm³ would indicate that antiretroviral therapy is being effective.
- A. 250
- B. 1000
- C. 500
- D. 275
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A CD4 count above 500 mm³ indicates a strong immune response and effective antiretroviral therapy.
Which of the following is the best dietary advice to maximize the immune function in healthy people?
- A. To include immune-enhancing formulas.
- B. To avoid polyunsaturated fatty acids.
- C. To increase intake of essential fatty acids and omega-3 fatty acids.
- D. To follow a balanced and varied diet.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A balanced and varied diet ensures the intake of all necessary nutrients that support optimal immune function.