Nokea
the characteristic of blood types AB is
- A. a general receptor
- B. a general donor
- C. a receptor and donor
- D. neither donating nor receptor
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: a general receptor. Blood type AB individuals have both A and B antigens on their red blood cells, making them universal recipients since they can receive blood from all blood types without rejection. This is because they have no antibodies against A or B antigens. The other choices are incorrect because blood type AB individuals cannot be universal donors (choice B) as they have both A and B antigens, not making them suitable for all recipients. They are not both a receptor and donor (choice C) as they can only receive blood from all types, not donate to all. Lastly, they are not neither donating nor a receptor (choice D) since they can receive blood from all types, making them a receptor.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which disease is an example of Type V hypersensitivity?
- A. Multiple sclerosis
- B. Grave's disease
- C. Rheumatoid arthritis
- D. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Grave's disease, for Type V hypersensitivity. In Type V hypersensitivity, antibodies target cell surface receptors, leading to abnormal stimulation or blockage. In Grave's disease, antibodies target the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, leading to excessive thyroid hormone production. Multiple sclerosis (A) is an example of Type IV hypersensitivity involving T cell-mediated response. Rheumatoid arthritis (C) is an example of Type III hypersensitivity involving immune complex deposition. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (D) is an example of Type II hypersensitivity involving antibody-mediated destruction of cells.
Which of the following is NOT an outcome of complement activation:
- A. Increased recruitment of inflammatory cells
- B. Opsonization of pathogens
- C. Lysis of pathogens
- D. Increased migration of dendritic cells from tissues to lymph nodes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Increased migration of dendritic cells from tissues to lymph nodes. Complement activation does not directly lead to the migration of dendritic cells. Complement activation can lead to increased recruitment of inflammatory cells (A), opsonization of pathogens (B), and lysis of pathogens (C). Dendritic cells typically migrate to lymph nodes to present antigens to T cells, but this process is not directly mediated by complement activation.
A nurse caring for clients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) plans care understanding the most common causes of death for these clients is which of the following? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Infection
- B. Cardiovascular impairment
- C. Vasculitis
- D. Chronic kidney disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vasculitis. Vasculitis is a common complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and can lead to serious organ damage and even death. In SLE, inflammation affects blood vessels, leading to vasculitis which can cause tissue damage and impaired blood flow. While infections, cardiovascular impairment, and chronic kidney disease are also common causes of mortality in SLE patients, vasculitis is specifically associated with the disease and its complications. Infections can occur due to the immune system's weakened response, cardiovascular issues can arise from inflammation and damage to the heart and blood vessels, and chronic kidney disease can develop due to immune complex deposition in the kidneys. However, vasculitis is the most directly linked cause of death in SLE patients due to its impact on multiple organ systems.
Choose the best definition for effector T cells. They are cells that
- A. Have never seen their specific antigen
- B. Have just seen their specific antigen and start to proliferate
- C. Have been energized
- D. Have been activated, expanded and are able to kill or help other cells
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Effector T cells are fully activated, expanded, and capable of carrying out their functions, such as killing infected cells or assisting in immune responses. The correct choice (D) accurately describes the characteristics of effector T cells. They are not naïve cells (A), as they have encountered their specific antigen. They are not just starting to proliferate (B), as they have already undergone extensive proliferation. They have not only been energized (C), but have also completed the necessary steps for full activation and functionality.
Which of the following statements concerned with multiple sclerosis (MS) is correct?
- A. Genetic factors seem to play a role in predisposition to develop MS
- B. Predisposition to develop MS does not seem to have an environmental component
- C. MS is more common in Central and South America than in North America
- D. The disease seems to be mediated primarily by autoantibodies
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: Option A is correct because genetic factors have been identified as playing a role in predisposition to develop MS. Studies have shown a higher risk among individuals with family history. Option B is incorrect because environmental factors, such as vitamin D levels and viral infections, are known to influence MS development. Option C is incorrect as MS is more prevalent in North America and Europe. Option D is incorrect because MS is primarily mediated by T-cell responses, not autoantibodies.