Genitourinary System Quizlet

Genitourinary System Quizlet Related

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A 2-year-old boy has been diagnosed with physiologic cryptorchidism. Considering this diagnosis, during assessment the nurse will most likely observe:

  • A. Testes that are hard and painful to palpation.
  • B. Atrophic scrotum and a bilateral absence of the testis.
  • C. Absence of the testis in the scrotum, but the testis can be milked down.
  • D. Testes that migrate into the abdomen when the child squats or sits cross-legge
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Physiologic cryptorchidism refers to a common condition in newborns where the testes have not descended into the scrotum but can be manually pushed down (milked) into the scrotum. This is a normal developmental process that usually resolves by the age of 3 months.

Rationale:
1. Absence of the testis in the scrotum: In physiologic cryptorchidism, the testes are not palpable in the scrotum due to incomplete descent.
2. Testis can be milked down: The testes can be gently pushed down into the scrotum, indicating that they are present and capable of descending on their own.

Summary of other choices:
A: Testes that are hard and painful to palpation is incorrect because physiologic cryptorchidism is not associated with inflammation or pain.
B: Atrophic scrotum and bilateral absence of the testis is incorrect as

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What is the most common cause of acute pyelonephritis resulting from an ascending infection from the lower urinary tract?

  • A. The kidney is scarred and fibrotic.
  • B. The organism is resistant to antibiotics.
  • C. There is a preexisting abnormality of the urinary tract.
  • D. The patient does not take all of the antibiotics for treatment of a UTI.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The most common cause of acute pyelonephritis from an ascending infection is a preexisting abnormality of the urinary tract. This abnormality can lead to urine stasis, making it easier for bacteria to ascend from the lower urinary tract to the kidneys. Choices A and B are incorrect because scarred kidneys and antibiotic resistance do not typically cause acute pyelonephritis. Choice D is incorrect as non-compliance with antibiotics may contribute to recurrent infections but is not the most common cause of pyelonephritis.

A patient with a recent history of nephrolithiasis has

  • A. After determining that the patients
  • B. Irrigate the ileal conduit with a dilute citric acid
  • D. IV fluid administration
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: IV fluid administration. This is the most appropriate choice for a patient with nephrolithiasis as it helps to increase urine volume and dilute the concentration of minerals in the urine, reducing the risk of stone formation. Adequate hydration is crucial in preventing the recurrence of kidney stones. Choice A is incomplete and does not offer a specific intervention for nephrolithiasis. Choice B is unnecessary and could potentially cause harm by altering the pH of the urine. Choice C is blank and does not provide any relevant information for managing nephrolithiasis.

Which is not a relatively common finding in ESRF patients?

  • A. Metastatic calcification.
  • B. Peripheral neuropathy
  • C. Hypophosphatemia
  • D. Hyperparathyroidism
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hypophosphatemia. In end-stage renal failure (ESRF) patients, hypophosphatemia is not a common finding due to impaired renal excretion of phosphate. Metastatic calcification (A) occurs due to high calcium-phosphate product, peripheral neuropathy (B) can result from uremic toxins, and hyperparathyroidism (D) is common in ESRF due to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Therefore, hypophosphatemia is the least likely finding in ESRF patients.

Which of the following activities is not related to kidney function?

  • A. control of hydrogen ion and pH in the blood
  • B. control of wastes in the blood
  • C. lipid digestion
  • D. regulation of blood pressure
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: lipid digestion. Kidneys are not involved in the process of lipid digestion. Kidneys primarily function in filtering blood, controlling water and electrolyte balance, regulating blood pressure, and removing waste products. Lipid digestion occurs in the gastrointestinal system, specifically in the small intestine, where bile from the liver aids in breaking down fats. Choices A, B, and D are all functions directly related to kidney function, as the kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining proper pH balance, filtering waste products from the blood, and regulating blood pressure.

Glomerular filtrate is produced as a result of

  • A. tubule secretion
  • B. facilitated diffusion
  • C. blood colloid osmotic pressure
  • D. blood hydrostatic pressure
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: blood hydrostatic pressure. Glomerular filtrate is produced as a result of the pressure exerted by the blood in the glomerular capillaries forcing water and small solutes into the Bowman's capsule. This pressure, known as blood hydrostatic pressure, is the driving force for the initial filtration of blood in the kidneys.

Rationale:
1. A: Tubule secretion is the process by which substances are actively transported from the blood into the renal tubules, not the initial production of glomerular filtrate.
2. B: Facilitated diffusion is a passive transport process that requires specific carrier proteins, not a mechanism for producing glomerular filtrate.
3. C: Blood colloid osmotic pressure is the pressure exerted by proteins in the blood that tends to pull water back into the capillaries, opposing filtration, not causing the production of glomerular filtrate.

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