Nokea
A 2-year-old child is being evaluated for a right flank mass; radiological appearance is consistent with rupture of Wilms tumor. The BEST therapeutic approach for this child is
- A. radiotherapy
- B. concomitant chemotherapy-radiotherapy
- C. another surgery
- D. observation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy are essential to manage ruptured Wilms tumor and reduce the risk of dissemination.
You may also like to solve these questions
An inborn error of metabolism that causes a premature destruction of RBC?
- A. G6PD
- B. Homocystinuria
- C. Phenylketonuria
- D. Celiac Disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism that leads to the premature destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis). G6PD is an enzyme responsible for protecting red blood cells from oxidative damage. In individuals with G6PD deficiency, the red blood cells are more susceptible to oxidative stress, leading to their destruction and resulting in hemolytic anemia. This condition is commonly triggered by certain medications, infections, or dietary factors that cause oxidative stress, leading to hemolysis. Homocystinuria, Phenylketonuria, and Celiac Disease are metabolic disorders that do not typically result in the premature destruction of red blood cells.
Which is the central factor responsible for respiratory distress syndrome?
- A. Deficient surfactant production
- B. Overproduction of surfactant
- C. Overdeveloped alveoli
- D. Absence of alveoli
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Respiratory distress syndrome is primarily caused by deficient surfactant production in premature infants. Surfactant is a substance that coats the alveoli in the lungs and helps to reduce surface tension, preventing the collapse of the alveoli during exhalation. In premature infants, the lungs may not have produced enough surfactant, leading to difficulty in breathing and inadequate oxygen exchange. This results in respiratory distress syndrome, which is characterized by severe breathing problems in newborns. Overproduction of surfactant, overdeveloped alveoli, or absence of alveoli are not central factors in the development of respiratory distress syndrome.
Which of the ff. medications might be ordered to help control symptoms of multiple sclerosis, and possibly induce a remission?
- A. Acyclovir
- B. Thyrotropin
- C. ACTH
- D. Benadryl
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) might be ordered to help control symptoms of multiple sclerosis and possibly induce a remission. ACTH is sometimes used as a treatment option for multiple sclerosis due to its anti-inflammatory properties. It can help reduce inflammation in the central nervous system and, in some cases, lead to a decrease in symptoms and possibly induce a remission. However, it is important to note that ACTH is not commonly used as a first-line treatment for multiple sclerosis and is usually reserved for cases that are refractory to other medications.
A client with severe head trauma sustained in a car accident is admitted to the intensive care unit. Thirty six-hours later, the client's urine output suddenly rises above 200mL/hour, leading the nurse to suspect diabetes insipidus. Which laboratory findings support the nurse's suspicion of diabetes insipidus?
- A. Above-normal urine and serum osmolality levels
- B. Below-normal urine and serum osmolality levels
- C. Above-normal urine osmolality level, below-normal serum osmolality level
- D. Below- normal urine osmolality level, above-normal serum osmolality level
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by the inability of the kidneys to adequately concentrate urine, leading to excessive dilute urine production. In diabetes insipidus, both urine and serum osmolality levels are typically below normal due to the dilution of urine. When urine output suddenly rises above 200mL/hour in a client with severe head trauma, it may indicate diabetes insipidus, especially if the urine and serum osmolality levels are below normal. This abnormality in osmolality levels is due to the impaired ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine, resulting in decreased urine osmolality and subsequent dilution of the serum osmolality.
A 12-month-old boy weighed 8 lb 2 oz at birth. What weight should the nurse expect him to be now?
- A. 16 lb 4 oz
- B. 20 lb 5 oz
- C. 24 lb 6 oz
- D. 32 lb 8 oz
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Infants typically triple their birth weight by 12 months. For an 8-lb infant, that would be approximately 24 lb.