Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Breast

Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Breast Related

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A benign breast condition that includes dilation and inflammation of the collecting ducts is known as

  • A. fibroadenom
  • C. ductal ectasi
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, ductal ectasia. This condition involves dilation and inflammation of the collecting ducts in the breast. Fibroadenoma (choice A) is a benign tumor composed of glandular and connective tissue. Choices B and D do not provide relevant information related to the dilation and inflammation of breast ducts. Therefore, they are incorrect choices.

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The gender of an infant will be female unless:

  • A. Two X chromosomes are received from the mother.
  • B. The short arm of the Y chromosome is received from the father.
  • C. Conception occurs during the last half of the female reproductive cycle.
  • D. The mother's ovary produces testosterone early in pregnancy.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The presence of the Y chromosome, specifically its short arm, triggers male development. Without it, the default development is female.

An episiotomy is an incision made:

  • A. Through the body of the uterus
  • B. Through the cervix of the uterus
  • C. In the perineum
  • D. None of the above correctly describes an episiotomy.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: An episiotomy is an incision made in the perineum.

The fetal/neonatal lung substance that improves pulmonary compliance by decreasing alveolar surface tension is

  • A. meconium
  • B. prostaglandin
  • C. surfactant
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Surfactant is a substance produced in the lungs that decreases alveolar surface tension, improving pulmonary compliance and preventing lung collapse.

When palpating the uterus after delivery, it is necessary to

  • A. support the lower uterine segment
  • B. support the upper uterine segment
  • C. press down firmly with both hands
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Supporting the lower segment prevents uterine inversion during palpation.

A common cause of neonatal sepsis is

  • A. neisseria gonorrhoeae
  • B. group B Streptococcus
  • C. Gardnerella vaginalis
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Group B Streptococcus is a leading cause of early-onset neonatal sepsis.

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