Nokea
A client, age 64, has complaints of frequent spells of fatigue and inability to sleep. She also reports hair loss and an allergy to seafood. Which of the following information is essential to consider before initiating a thyroid test for the client?
- A. Her age
- B. Complaints of fatigue and inability to sleep
- C. Allergy to seafood
- D. Hair loss
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An allergy to seafood may indicate a potential iodine sensitivity, which is relevant when interpreting thyroid test results, as iodine is a key component in thyroid function.
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Adonis arrives at the gym and spots a dumbbell he wants to use. When attempting to lift the weight, his biceps brachii contract, but the weight is not moved because it is too heavy. This is called?
- A. Isometric contraction
- B. Concentric contraction
- C. Eccentric contraction
- D. Incomplete tetanus
Correct Answer: a
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Isometric contraction. In isometric contraction, the muscle contracts but there is no movement at the joint. In this scenario, Adonis's biceps brachii contract but the weight is not moved, indicating an isometric contraction. In concentric contraction (B), the muscle shortens to move the weight upward. In eccentric contraction (C), the muscle lengthens while under tension, controlling the descent of the weight. Incomplete tetanus (D) refers to a state where muscle fibers are stimulated rapidly but not at the maximum rate to produce sustained contractions.
What should the goals of nutrition therapy for the patient with type 2 diabetes include?
- A. Ideal body weight
- B. Normal serum glucose and lipid levels
- C. A special diabetic diet using dietetic foods
- D. Five small meals per day with a bedtime snack
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary goal is to maintain normal glucose and lipid levels and to achieve a healthy body weight.
Mole for mole, which of the following has the greatest effect on Na+ excretion?
- A. Progesterone
- B. Cortisol
- C. Vasopressin
- D. Aldosterone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Aldosterone. Aldosterone directly influences the reabsorption of sodium in the kidney tubules, leading to increased Na+ excretion. Progesterone (A) does not have a significant effect on Na+ excretion. Cortisol (B) mainly affects glucose metabolism and has minimal impact on Na+ excretion. Vasopressin (C) primarily regulates water reabsorption, not Na+ excretion. Therefore, Aldosterone has the greatest effect on Na+ excretion due to its specific role in sodium reabsorption in the kidneys.
Which of the following is not a parasympatholytic drug:
- A. Atropine
- B. Propantheline
- C. Pirenzepine
- D. Edrophonium
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Edrophonium, because it is not a parasympatholytic drug but rather a parasympathomimetic drug used for diagnosing myasthenia gravis. Atropine (A), Propantheline (B), and Pirenzepine (C) are all parasympatholytic drugs that inhibit the parasympathetic nervous system by blocking acetylcholine receptors. Atropine is a nonselective muscarinic receptor antagonist, Propantheline is an antimuscarinic drug used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, and Pirenzepine is a selective M1 receptor antagonist used to reduce gastric acid secretion. Therefore, D is the correct choice as it does not belong to the category of parasympatholytic drugs.
Which of these is not an endocrine property?
- A. hormones reach targets through the blood
- B. effects are slow and cyclic
- C. rapid acting effects
- D. effects caused by chemicals.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: rapid acting effects. Endocrine properties involve hormones reaching targets through the blood, causing slow and cyclic effects. Rapid acting effects are more characteristic of the nervous system, not the endocrine system. Endocrine effects are caused by chemicals, so choice D is incorrect.