Endocrine System Nursing Questions

Endocrine System Nursing Questions Related

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A common second messenger used in signaling pathways of water-soluble hormones is

  • A. tRNA.
  • B. ATP.
  • C. cAMP.
  • D. PTH.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: cAMP. Water-soluble hormones, such as adrenaline or glucagon, bind to cell surface receptors and activate a signaling cascade that often involves cAMP as a second messenger. Upon hormone binding, the receptor activates adenylyl cyclase, which converts ATP to cAMP. cAMP then activates protein kinase A, leading to phosphorylation of target proteins, ultimately affecting cellular responses.

Explanation for incorrect choices:
A: tRNA is involved in protein synthesis, not in signaling pathways of water-soluble hormones.
B: ATP is used as an energy source in various cellular processes, but it is not a second messenger in hormone signaling pathways.
D: PTH (parathyroid hormone) is a hormone involved in calcium regulation and does not act through cAMP signaling in the same manner as water-soluble hormones.

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Injecting cocaine may cause a hypertensive crisis or stroke, and if the cocaine is inhaled frequently, it may destroy the tissues in the nose. Which of the following best describes how cocaine causes these adverse effects?

  • A. Blocks alpha adrenergic receptors
  • B. Blocks muscarinic receptors for ACh
  • C. Blocks reuptake of noradrenaline released from adrenergic nerves
  • D. Depletes norepinephrine from adrenergic nerve endings
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cocaine blocks the reuptake of noradrenaline from adrenergic nerves, leading to excessive stimulation of adrenergic receptors. This causes increased blood pressure, which can result in a hypertensive crisis or stroke. Additionally, the vasoconstrictive effects of excess noradrenaline can lead to tissue damage in the nose when cocaine is inhaled frequently. Choices A and B are incorrect because cocaine does not directly block alpha adrenergic or muscarinic receptors. Choice D is incorrect because cocaine does not deplete norepinephrine from adrenergic nerve endings but rather increases its concentration by blocking reuptake.

The nurse determines that a patient with a 2-hour OGTT of 152 mg/dL has

  • A. diabetes
  • B. impaired fasting glucose
  • C. elevated A1C
  • D. impaired glucose tolerance
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A 2-hour OGTT result of 152 mg/dL indicates impaired glucose tolerance, which is a prediabetes state.

The pituitary hormone that stimulates the male testis to produce sperm cells & stimulates the development of follicles in the females is:

  • A. Growth hormone
  • B. Leutenizing hormone
  • C. Prolactin
  • D. Follicle stimulating hormone
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Follicle stimulating hormone. It stimulates the testes to produce sperm cells in males and promotes follicle development in females. Growth hormone (A) primarily regulates growth and metabolism. Leutenizing hormone (B) stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone production in males. Prolactin (C) is responsible for milk production in females.

Insulin:

  • A. binds to GLUT 1-5 receptors in the peripheral tissues
  • B. deficiency results in increased gluconeogenesis
  • C. has a plasma half-life of 2-3 hours
  • D. is secreted by the pancreatic A cells
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because insulin deficiency leads to increased gluconeogenesis due to the lack of inhibition on glucose production. Choice A is incorrect as insulin binds to GLUT 4 receptors, not GLUT 1-5. Choice C is wrong because insulin's half-life is only a few minutes. Choice D is also inaccurate as insulin is secreted by pancreatic beta cells, not A cells.

As a precaution for vocal cord paralysis from damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroidectomy surgery, what equipment should be in the room in case it is needed for this emergency situation?

  • A. Tracheostomy tray
  • B. IV calcium gluconate
  • C. Oxygen equipment
  • D. Paper and pencil for communication
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A tracheostomy tray should be readily available in case of airway obstruction due to vocal cord paralysis following thyroid surgery.

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