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A female patient, age 59, has lost 7 lb in the first 3 weeks of her chemotherapy and does not eat because nothing tastes good. The nurse expects to see which goal addressed in the plan of care?
- A. Patient will verbalize understanding of the need for increased nutrition.
- B. Patient will be free from nutrition related infections.
- C. Patient will maintain current weight.
- D. Patient will undergo psychiatric evaluation regarding anorexia.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This patient needs to maintain current weight, and not lose further weight. Adequate nutrition is difficult if the patient loses 10 or more pounds (4,5 kg).
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The nurse expects which nursing intervention to be in the plan of care for a patient experiencing thrombocytopenia following chemotherapy to treat cancer?
- A. Take aspirin daily to promote blood flow.
- B. Avoid all sexual contact
- C. Use a soft toothbrush for mouth care
- D. Take antibiotics before elective surgery
- E. Apply direct pressure for 5 - 10 minutes if bleeding occurs
Correct Answer: C,E
Rationale: A person with a low platelet count is at risk for bleeding. The patient should use a soft toothbrush for mouth care and apply direct pressure for 5-10 minutes if bleeding occurs. Aspirin is contraindicated with thrombocytopenia. If the patient has sexual intercourse, gentleness and adequate lubrication should be used. The patient should not have any elective surgery. In addition, antibiotics will not be beneficial for a low platelet count.
The nurse instructs a patient who has been smoking for 5 years about the warning signs of cancer. The nurse tells him that one of cancer?s eight warning signals include which change?
- A. nagging cough or hoarseness.
- B. a sore that does not heal rapidly.
- C. gallbladder disease.
- D. hematopoietic changes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cancer?s eight warning signals include nagging cough or hoarseness.
For which possible sign of testicular cancer would the nurse encourage the patient to look for during self-testicular examination?
- A. Smooth consistency of testicle
- B. Stomachache
- C. Breast enlargement
- D. Heavy feeling in the scrotum
- E. Enlarged blood vessels in scrotum
- F. Hematuria
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: Signs and symptoms of a scrotal tumor include an ache in the groin or stomach, feeling of heaviness in the scrotum, and breast enlargement.
Which patient will be the highest priority for referral for a prostate-specific antigen (PSA)?
- A. 43-year-old Hispanic man
- B. 45-year-old African American man
- C. 49-year-old Korean man
- D. 50-year-old Native American man
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: African American men are a high-risk population for prostate cancer. Asian Americans and Native Americans have a relatively low incidence of prostate cancer.
Which is a risk factor for cancer?
- A. Ethnicity
- B. Environmental irritants
- C. Alcoholism
- D. Hereditary factors
- E. Excessive exercise
- F. Exposure to ultraviolet light
Correct Answer: B,C,D,F
Rationale: Cancer risk factors include smoking and the use of smokeless tobacco, environmental irritants, alcoholism, hereditary factors, and dietary habits.