Nokea
A group of nursing students are reviewing information about antiretroviral therapy. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which conditions as requiring cautious use of this class of drugs? Select all that apply.
- A. Diabetes
- B. Hemophilia
- C. Impaired hepatic function
- D. Impaired renal function
- E. Hypertension
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Antiretroviral drugs should be used cautiously in clients with diabetes, impaired hepatic function, pregnancy, or hemophilia.
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Antiviral drugs have limited use because they are effective against only a small number of specific viral infections. The nurse would expect antiviral drugs to be used for which infection? Select all that apply.
- A. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- B. Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
- C. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- D. Rotavirus
- E. Rhinovirus
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Antiviral drugs are used in the treatment or prevention of infections caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and 2, herpes zoster, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and hepatitis B and C. They are not used for rotavirus or rhinovirus infections.
The nurse is preparing a plan of care for a client being treated with an antiviral drug. Which outcome would the nurse most likely identify? Select all that apply.
- A. Client remains free of other medical conditions.
- B. Client demonstrates an optimal response to therapy.
- C. Client exhibits continual changes in vital signs.
- D. Client demonstrates ability to manage adverse reactions.
- E. Client verbalizes understanding of the therapeutic regimen.
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: Optimal response to therapy and meeting of client needs related to the management of adverse reactions and an understanding of the therapeutic regimen are outcomes that should be addressed by the nurse in the planning step of the nursing process. Continually changing vital signs would be inappropriate. Remaining free of other medical conditions would be unrealistic.
A patient with skin lesions due to a viral infection has been prescribed a topical antiviral agent. When teaching the patient about this therapy, which of the following would the nurse emphasize?
- A. The drug will not prevent the spread of the disease to others.
- B. Topical drugs should be applied using the hand, not a finger cot or gloves.
- C. All lesions should be left open and not covered in any way.
- D. Sexual contact when lesions are present is permissible if barrier methods are used.
- E. Apply the drug twice daily for best results
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should inform the patient that application of the drug does not prevent the spread of the disease to others. Topical drugs should be applied with a finger cot or gloves but not with bare hands. The nurse should instruct the patient to cover all lesions and not leave them open. The nurse should also stress the importance of avoiding sexual contact when lesions are present irrespective of contraceptive measures. The frequency of application depends on the specific drug prescribed.
A patient who is receiving antiretroviral therapy is about to be discharged. Which of the following precautions should the nurse instruct the patient to follow to reduce the effects of photosensitivity?
- A. Wear protective clothing when outside.
- B. Increase fluid intake.
- C. Avoid lights while indoors.
- D. Use tanning beds for tan.
- E. Apply sunscreen daily
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should encourage the patient to wear protective clothing while going out in the sun to reduce the effect of photosensitivity. While increasing the fluid intake is recommended, it does not help combat the effects of photosensitivity. There is no need to avoid indoor lights as the skin becomes sensitive to sunlight but not indoor lights. The use of tanning beds should be avoided. Applying sunscreen daily is a good practice but was not listed as an option.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is prescribed amantadine. The nurse would assess the patient for which of the following?
- A. Asthenia and abdominal pain
- B. Fever and dizziness
- C. Anorexia and dyspnea
- D. Hypotension and insomnia
- E. Nausea and vomiting
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A nurse should monitor the patient for hypotension and insomnia, since these are adverse reactions of amantadine. Asthenia and abdominal pain are adverse reactions of adefovir. Fever and dizziness are adverse reactions of acyclovir. Anorexia and dyspnea are adverse reactions of cidofovir. Nausea and vomiting are not specific adverse reactions of amantadine.